CHART 227 App to Male Atoll Eastern side of South Male atoll 1 Description. The barrier reef extends from the S point of the atoll (03º 49'.00 N, 073º 23'.00 E), about 4 miles ENE then 4½ miles N to Guraidhoo. The reef is continuous from its S point to the opening close S of Guraidhoo; several small islets lie on this stretch of reef. 2 Further, the barrier reef trends 13½miles NNE to Finolhu Falhu, the NE point of the atoll on the N of Guraidhoo. The reef has several large and small reefs, with a few islets and some sandbanks, situated between openings into the lagoon. Principal islets. On the S part of this side of the atoll, the principal islets are the tourist resorts of Mahaanahuraa (03º 48'.70 N, 073º 24'.65 E) with Olhuveli, Kudafinolhu and Maadhoo situated between 3½ and 4½ miles NE of Mahaanahuraa. 2 The largest island of the atoll on its N part, is Maafushi (03º 56'.50 N, 073º 29'.40 E). Gulhi, situated 3 miles NNE of Maafushi, is reported to have a slipway suitable for vessels up to 50 tonnes but the approach to it is tortuous. 3 Viligilivaru and Biyaadhoo, both tourist resorts, within the lagoon, lie about 2½ miles SW of Maafushi. Lagoon entrances. Entrance channel into the lagoon, lie about 5 cables NE of Guraidhoo (03º 54'.00 N, 073º 28'.00 E); a least charted depth of 27 m is recorded in the narrow fairway which is about 1¼ miles long. The channel leads to the tourist resorts of Viligilivaru and Biyaadhoo. 2 With least charted depth of 20 m, Enboodhoo Channel leads into the N part of the lagoon about 1 mile S of Eboodhoofinolhu (Emboodhoofinolhu) (04º 06'.20 N, 073º 31'.45 E). This entrance is very narrow, and should be used with caution. The islet of Eboodhoo lies close within the lagoon, on the line of the fairway, the deep-water passage lies on the N side of the islet. 3 There are several other charted entrances but these, although in some cases wider, are generally shallow or obstructed. Landing places. There are jetties located on the N side of Kadoomaafushi (03º 54'.16 N, 073º 28'.40 E) and on the W sides of Eboodhoofinolhu and Olhuveli. Northern side of South Male Atoll Description. From Finolhu Falhu (04º 07'.20 N, 073º 31'.60 E), the NE point of the atoll, the N side of the atoll extends about 8 miles W to its NW point. There are some sandbanks on the E part of the barrier reef. 2 Vaadhoo (04º 07'.44 N, 073º 27'.40 E) and Velassaru, about 1¼ miles W of Vaadhoo, are the islets on the W part of this side of the atoll. Lagoon entrances. Between Vaadhoo and Velassaru lies Velassaru Channelolhi, the widest opening; the channel is about 7 cables wide with a least charted depth of 14 m, however, a least depth of 8 m has been reported to exist in the fairway. 2 Vaadhoo Channelolhi, is a narrow opening, on the E side of Vaadhoo. Western side of South Male Atoll Description. The barrier reef extends from the S point of the atoll (03º 48.50' N, 073º 24'.00 E), in a shallow outward curve,18½ miles N to Velassaru Falhu the NW point of the atoll. 2 The barrier reef has a number of large and small reefs situated between lagoon entrances which vary from wide to narrow and deep to shallow. 3 Along this side of the atoll, there are several islets spaced from Rihiveli (03º 49'.06N, 073º 22'.53 E), to Bolifushi 16¼ miles N. Tholhimarahuraa (03º 49'.49 N, 073º 22'.46 E) is reported to be nearly submerged at high water, Vaagali, 7½ miles N of Tholhimarahuraa, is remarkable for a bush-covered sandbank extending from its W side. There is a jetty on Bolifushi. Useful mark: 1 Radio mast (red and white bands), not charted from which an obstruction light is exhibited, stands on Fihaalhohi (03º 52'.58 N, 073º 22'.00 E). 2 A light, not charted is exhibited from W extremety of Velassaru Falhu. Lagoon entrances. At the S end of the atoll the channel of Hathikolhu enters the lagoon between the reef forming the SE side of the atoll and the reef surrounding Rihiveli, 7 cables W; the channel is 4 cables wide with a least charted depth of 37 m in the fairway which lies towards the NW side of the opening. Vaadhoo Channel Chart 266, 227 General information 1 General description. Vaadhoo Channel (04º 09'.00 N, 073º 28'.00 E) lies between South Male Atoll and Male Atoll; the channel is about 2¼ miles wide at its narrowest part. The channel is deep and free from charted dangers, however, there are some rocks and reefs on each side, near the N side. 2 Caution. The area S of male’ atoll is unsurveyed. 3 Tidal stream and current. There are very strong tidal streams in the channel; the in-going stream sets E and the out-going W. During the monsoons the stream is accelerated by the prevailing current, setting W during the NE monsoon and E during the SW monsoon attaining a rate of up to 4 kts and causing severe tide-rips. MALE ATOLL General information Chart 227, 266, 2061 Position 1 Male Atoll (04º 25'.00 N, 073º 30'.00 E) lies on the N side of Vaadhoo Channel and is 32½ miles N to S and a maximum of 22 miles wide. General description 1 Male atoll is the principal atoll of the Maldives and comprises of about 50 islets and islands. The lagoon is encumbered with coral reefs, and deep; the reefs, as a rule, is easily discernible in favourable conditions of sun and sea; the bottom, except over the coral reefs, is coarse sand. 2 On the E of Male atoll, the seabed shelves steeply to depths of 2000 m; to the W it shelves less steeply to depths more than 300 m. Tourism is the principal occupation. Restricted areas Restricted areas, lyingwithin male’ atoll are situated as follows: Unnamed drying reef (04º14'.36 073º31'.94 E) Unnamed shoal (04º17'.26 N, 073º32'.00 E) Unnamed 6.6 m (04º18'.70 N, 073º34'.72 E) in himmafushee kandu. Seaward of Rasfari S side of himmiya falhu S side, towards the W end of an unnamed atoll (04º 11'.21 N, 073º 26'.17 E) S side of Gulhi Falhu Unnamed 3.4 m shoal (04º12'.52 N, 073º 24'.49 E) South-eastern side of Male atoll Chart 266,227, 2061 Description The barrier reef trends from Hulhule (04º 11'.4 N, 073º 31'.7 E) about 19 miles NE to Meerufenfushi, the E-most islet of the atoll. The reef comprises a number of large reefs and is sharply marked by change of water colour or, in swell conditions, by breakers upon it. With several openings into the lagoon from this side of the atoll, there is a chain of islands spaced along the entire length. Principal islands and islets 1 Most of the islands and islets on this side of the atoll, are wooded, and are described below: Hulhumale’ (04º 12'.80 N, 073º 32'.40 E)Farukolhufushi (04º 13'.90 N, 073º 32'.70 E) is a tourist resort with a large lagoon extending SSW from the W side of the island. A channel into the above lagoon, suitable for vessels with a draught of less than 2m, has been constructed W of the island; the channel is orientated 110º/290º and it is marked, at its E and W ends by lights exhibited from grey beacons, in accordance with the IALA Maritime Buoyage System (Region A). The channel lies close N of the charted mole (04º 13'.8 N, 073º 32'.2 E); this mole has sand washed against its N side which is permanently dry with small bushes growing on it. 2 Furanafushi (04º 15'.00 N, 073º 32'.80 E) is a tourist resort. It has a small lagoon off the W side of the island which is entered at the SW corner of the fringing reef; the channel into the lagoon is marked by posts. Within the lagoon there are depths up to 9 m, with a bottom of sand and coral heads, which provides good anchorage for yachts and small craft. There is a stone jetty on the W point of the island and a breakwater encloses its SW part. 3 Kaduoiygiri(Kanduoiygiri) (04º 15'.50 N, 073º 32'.45E), 1½miles N is a tourist resort. Lankanfinolhu (04º 17'.00 N, 073º 33'.25 E ), 3¼ miles N is a tourist resort with a harbour on the W side approached through an unmarked artificial gap in the reefs, ¼ cable wide. 4 Lankanfushi (4º 17'.64 N, 73º 33'.46E) 4 miles NNE, a low islet, is a tourist resort. Himmafushi (04º 18'.60 N, 073º 34'.30E), 5 miles NNE is the prison island.Landing is strictly forbidden. A small harbour facility has been built on the W side ofthe island. Girifushi (04º 19'.15 N, 073º 34'.61 E), 5½ miles NNE, there is a military training centre on the island and entry is restricted. A ricochet danger area, W of the island, is placed out of bounds during live firings; a red flag is flown at the W tip of the island when this firing is in progress. Thaburudhoo, situated close E of Girifushi, is another military training Centre to which access is also restricted. 2 Huraa (04º 20'.00 N, 073º 36'.00 E) miles NNE is a tourist resort with a breakwater extending NW from its W side. Kanifinolhu (04º 20'.60 N, 073º 36'.40 E) 7¾ miles NNE), is a tourist resort with a breakwater extending NW from its W side. Lhohifushi (04º 21'.00 N, 073º 37'.00E), 8½miles NNE, is a tourist resort. A Government coconut seed experimental farm is situated on the island. 3 Thulusdhoo (04º22'.50 N, 073º 39'.00 E) 10½ miles NE, is a tourist resortand the administrative Centre for male’ atoll.Viligilimathidhahuraa (04º22'.70 N, 073º 39'.75 E), 11¼ miles NE, is an islet covered with bush and some palms.Dhiffushi (04º26'.52 N, 073º 42'.69 E) 16 miles NE, is a thickly wooded island which is a tourist resort. 4 Meerufenfushi (04º27'.15 N, 073º 42'.9E) is an island, wooded with coconut trees, that supports a tourist resort; some small craft berths have been constructed on its W side. East of the island the sea bed slopes less steeply than elsewhere off this side of the atoll. Shoal water has in the past attracted local fishing craft. In addition to the islands and islets described above, there are several other small islets shown on the chart all of which are reported to be tourist resorts. Lagoon entrances 1 Bodu Kalhi (04º 16'.00 N, 073º 33'.00 E) the best and widest entrance into the lagoon of Male Atoll lies between Kaduoiygiri and Lankanfinolhu,1¾ miles NNE; the channel is about 1¼ miles wide between the reefs. There are depths of about 50 m in the deepest part of the fairway which lies 6 cables S of Lankanfinolhu Islet and about 3 cables clear of its reef; a bank with depths of 10 m or less extends 5 cables into the entrance N from Furanafushi. 2 Thulusdhoo Channel (04º 22'.70 N, 073º 39'.20 E), the N.most entrance on this side of the atoll, lies between Thulusdhooand Viligilimathidhahuraa., 5 cables ENE; the channel is about 2 cables wide with a least charted depth of 35 m in the approach from SE. Within the lagoon the line of the fairway leads to deep water but there are reefs close SW of this line. 3 Kuda Kalhi (04º 14'.7 N, 073º 33'.0 E) is entered between the N edge of the reef surrounding Farukolhufushi and the reef which extends from the SE point of Furanafushi ; there is a least charted depth of 17 m in the S part of the entrance to the fairway, then to the channel, with reefs on each side, deepens in its Centre to about 58 m. Close within the lagoon an isolated reef lies on the line of the fairway about 9 cables WNW of Farukolhufushi; another reef,with a shoal patch on its WSW side, lies about 7 cables W of the same island. 4 Between Himmafushi (04º 18'.6 N, 073º 34'.3 E) and Lhohifushi, 3½ miles NE, there are several entrances into the lagoon which are reported to be well defined but they are all generally narrow and some are encumbered with shoal patches as shown on the chart. The line of the fairway leads to deep water within the lagoon but there are reefs close SW of this line. Principal marks Landmarks.A conspicuous radio mast and a tower (both uncharted) stands on Girifushi. Useful marks 1 Radio mast (uncharted) (04º 21'.00 N, 073º 37'.00 E) stands on Lhohifushi. 2 Two partially visual wrecks at positions (04º 22'.53 N, 73º 38'.70 E) and (04º 21'.16 N, 73º 20'.58 E) are in the NW of Thulusdhoo Island and SW of Nakachchafushi Island respectively. North-eastern side of Male atoll Chart 227,266, 2061 Description The barrier reef trends from Meerufenfushi (04º 27'.15 N, 073º 42'.90 E) about 19 miles NW to Kagi Channel which enters the lagoon close E of the N point of the atoll; the reef has several large reefs with a few islets and several openings into the lagoon. Principal islets 1 The islets on this side of the atoll, on the barrier reef and within the lagoon, are described below and positioned from Meerufenfushi (04º 27' N, 073º 43' E): Asdhoo (04º28'.02 N, 073º 39'.71E), 3½ miles WNW an islet covered with coconut trees, is a tourist resort. 2 Helegeti (Helengeli) (04º38'.07 N, 073º 33'.80 E), 14¼ miles NW, a low long wooded islet, is a tourist resort with a small jetty situated on its W side. Kagi (04º40'.63 N, 073º 29'.98 E), 18¾ miles NW, a small wooded islet is not a tourist resort; however, it is used by dhonis craft (open local boats), and a limited supply of fresh water is reported to be available; a small jetty has been constructed on its E side. Lagoon entrances 1 Dhiffushi Channel (04º 28'.65 N, 073º 41'.74 E) is deep but divided into two small channels, close within its entrance, by a long narrow reef; the widest channel is the S channel in which there is a least charted depth of 22 m. Within the lagoon the channel gives access to a passage, which requires considerable care that leads to Male 21 miles SW; also, close within the entrance a boat channel that leads W of Meerufenfushi and Dhiffushi gives access to these islands from within the atoll. 2 Asdhoo Channel(04º 29'.44 N, 073º 41'.00 E), lie 1 mile NW of Dhiffushi Channel, and enters the lagoon between unmarked reefs; the channel, about 3 cables wide, with a least charted depth of 24 m gives clear access to Asdhoo . 3 Helegeli Irumathee Channelolhi (04º 37'.80 N, 073º 34'.00 E), with least charted depth of 38 m in the fairway, enters the lagoon, S of Helegeli Islet, between the reef enclosing this islet and an unnamed reef about 3 cables SE. The entrance to the channel is reported to be well defined by a distinctive dark coral rock, which dries; the channel is much used by local craft. Another channel lying close N of Helegeli Islet is narrow in comparison with the S channel and has a reported least depth of 20m. Kagi Channel (04º 42'.00 N, 073º 30'.50 E), the N most entrance into the lagoon on this side of the atoll, passes between reefs which are marked by drying rocks and gives deep clear access to Kagi. There are several other entrances into the lagoon on this side of the atoll, most have deep channels but there are no landmarks to identify them. Nevertheless, a vessel may pass through the wider ones in favorable conditions and keeping a good lookout. Principal Mark Landmark: A radio mast (04º 38'.11 N, 073º 33'.84 E), position approximate, stands on Helegeli. Useful marks 1 Maa Haa Light-beacon No 1 (grey framework tower on a concrete base, 5 m in height) (04º 36'.00 N, 073º 29'.95 E), position approximate, stands near the center of the S edge of Maa Haa Reef. 2 A new beacon exists NW of Ziyaaraiyfushi Islandin position (04º 34'.35 N, 073º 22'.66 E) with characteristics of FL (4) 20s. Gaafaru Channel and Gaafaru Falhu Chart 266 Gaafaru Channel 1 Gaafaru Channel (04º 42'.70 N, 073º 28'.00 E) separates Male Atoll from Gaafaru Falhu; the channel is about 1¼ miles wide at its narrowest part and is deep and free from charted dangers. 2 Current. During the NE monsoon a 2 to 3 kts current sets W through the channel causing strong eddies and turbulence where it meets the tidal streams from Male Atoll. Gaafaru Falhu 1 General information. Gaafaru Falhu (Burulu Falhu) (04º 45'.00 N, 073º 26'.00 E) is a small atoll 8 miles long E to W and a max of 4¼ miles wide lying on the N side of Gaafaru Channel. Gaafaru (04º 44'.21 N, 073º 29'.87 E), an islet, stands near the SE point of the atoll with a village,. A clump of trees stands on the reef about 1 mile WSW of the islet. 2 Useful mark Stranded wreck (04º 46'.02 N, 073º 23'.24E), (position approximate) lies on the NW side of the atoll. Radio mast (red and white bands) (04º44'.23 N, 073º29'.92 E), from which an obstruction light is exhibited, stands on Gaafaru. 3 Lagoon entrances. The NW entrance, Hulhangu Channel (04º 46'.44 N, 073º 23'.82 E) gives deep but narrow access to the lagoon; 4 miles E, the Iruwai Channel, is shallow and encumbered with rocks close within the lagoon. Good conditions and local knowledge are considered essential before entry as both entrances are not well marked Through the barrier reef boat passages exist about 1 mile W and N of Gaafaru; a beacon stands in the vicinity of the latter passage. 4 Reclamation.Velifaru a small reclaimed island lies 1 mile south west of Gaafaru. Thumbafhushi, a reclaimed island with some industrial units lies 3 mile south of Helengeli. 5 Resorts.The Island of Eriyadu, Helengeli and Kagi have resorts with jetties. Seaplanes operated by Island Aviation Services Ltd and Maldivian Air Taxi operates to and from the resorts. 6 Protected Area.Makunudhoo Channel is declared a protected place by the Government. Western side of Male atoll Chart 227, 266, 2061 Description 1 The barrier reef extends from Gulhi Falhu (04º 11'.00 N, 073º 28'.00 E) towards W and NW in a curve to Kodhipparu, about 11 miles NW; then to generally N and NE to Olhuhali, 23 miles NNE. There are a number of large reefs with a few islets on the reef the barrier reef and several openings into the lagoon. Principal islets 1 On this side of the atoll, the islets are generally small.Several are low-bush covered islets about 7 m high lying on the fringing reef, giving effective warning of the below-water reef lying some distance seaward of them. Most of the principal islets are tourist resorts, and are described below: 2 Giraavaru (04º 12'.01 N, 073º 24'.83 E), an islet, lies at the NE point of the reef near the SW extremity of the atoll, is covered with scrub and a few coconut trees. There are jetties on the islets and small craft facilities. 3 Rasfari (04º 23'.66 N, 073º 21'.08E), a low islet, stands on the barrier reef and is covered with trees and scrub. Nakachchaafushi, with a jetty on its E side and Boduhithi, with breakwaters and a jetty on its S side and another jetty on the N side, lie, respectively, 2 miles SE and 3 miles NE of Rasfari. 4 Hebadhoo (04º 28'.91 N, 073º23'.59 E) lies about 2 miles within the lagoon and is a heavily wooded island. Madivaru, Medhufinolhu, with two landing places on its W side, and Ziyaaraiyfushi, lies on the barrier reef 2 miles NW of Hebadhoo. 5 Makunudhoo (04º 32'.57 N, 073º 24'.33 E) and Eriyadhoo about 3 miles N, both islets having landing places, lie about 2 miles within the lagoon; 6 Akirifushi (04º 38'.24 N, 073º 24'.00 E), lies on the barrier reef and is a low islet covered with bushes; Olhuhali, a similar islet, marks the NW point of the atoll and lies about 4½ miles NE of Akirifushi. Lagoon entrances 1 Giraavaru Irumathee Channel (04º 11'.25 N, 073º 24'.5 E), with a least charted depth of 46 m in the middle of its fairway is an easily discernible channel. Giraavaru Uthuru Channel, 1½ miles NW of Giraavaru Irumathee Channel, with lesser depth than the latter, is wider but has a shoal patch with a depth of 35 m in the middle of its fairway. Both entrances have a small islet lying near their SE entrance points. 2 There are numerous openings into the lagoon between Giraavaru Irumathee Channel and Kithi Channel, 15 miles N, but many of these, including Kithi Channel and the unnamed widest opening on this side of the lagoon, situated W of Hebadhoo and about 1¾ miles N of Kithi Channel, are encumbered with dangers as shown on the chart. 3 Ziyaarahfushi Channel (04º 33'.50 N, 073º 22'.50 E), with a least charted depth of 5.5 m in the middle of its fairway, although wide, has a large shoal patch; this opening gives access to Makunudhoo and Eriyadhoo. Himmiya Channel, which passes through the barrier reef 3½ miles NNE of Ziyaarahfushi Channel, is narrow at its entrance and has several obstructions where it broadens out into the lagoon. On each side of Akirifushi (04º 38'.24 N, 073º 24'.00 E) there is a narrow but safe opening and another opening 1 mile ENE of it. 4 Near the N point of the atoll, close NE of Olhuhali Islet, Olhuhali Uthuru Channel (04º 41'.58 N, 073º 27'.52 E) enters the lagoon from Gaafaru Channel. The reef edges at the entrance to this channel are reported to beclearly visible and there is a least charted depth of 14m at the inner end of its fairway. During the NE monsoon, it is advisable to enter this channel at about the time of slack water on account of the strong W-setting current and the eddies experienced in Gaafaru Channel. Useful marks Radio mast (red and white bands), not charted, from which obstruction lights are exhibited, stands on Rasfari. Stranded wreck (04º 21'.16 N, 073º 20'.59 E). A light, not charted is, exhibited from SW extremity of Himmiya Falhu (04º 35'.00 N, 073º 23'.00 E). Light (pile) (04º 34'.35 N, 073º 22'.66 E). Southern part of Male Lagoon Chart 266,227 Description Depths generally range in several places from 40 to 60 m with abrupt shoals and reefs rising from the seabed within the S part of Male Lagoon. The reefs are usually easily discerned by sharp iridescent Water contrasts at their edges. In this part of the lagoon there are a few sandbanks and some drying reef edges. Principal islets 1 The principal islets in this part of the lagoon, having tourist facilities, are described below: Kuda Wataru (04º 15'.59 N, 073º 22'.87 E) lying on the inner edge of the main barrier reef is a small sand islet; it is sparsely covered with low shrubs. A small scrub-covered sandbank lies about 7 cables SSW of the islet. 2 Vabbinfaru (04º 18'.59 N, 073º 25'.45 E), 4 miles NE, is surrounded by an unbroken reef and is thickly wooded with coconut trees and scrub; there is a jetty situated on its S side. Ihuru, lying 6 cables WSW of Vabbinfaru, is a similar islet, with a dense covering of coconut trees and a surrounding reef that is very steep on the SE side; there is also a jetty at this island. 3 Baros (04º 17'.09 N, 073º 25'.64 E), 3 miles ENE, is an islet wooded with coconut trees, which may appear to have high cliffs from a distance due to a mirage effect given by the tourist chalets that stand on the islet. A jetty, which extends from the S shore of the islet, is approached through a break in the surrounding reef; there are depths of about 1m alongside the jetty. 4 Thulhaagiri (04º 18'.66 N, 073º 29'.26 E),7 miles ENE, is wooded with coconut trees and is surrounded by an unbroken reef; there is a jetty on the SW side of the islet. With a least charted depth of 1.1m, a pinnacled shoal, lies about 1¾ miles WSW of the islet. 5 Bodubados(Bodubandos) (04º 16'.17 N, 073º 29'.50 E) (6¾ miles E), enclosed by two breakwaters it has a small boat basin situated on its SE side; a light (uncharted) is exhibited from the E breakwater. Kudabados(Kudabandos), lying 6 cables SE of Bodubados, is a wooded islet, with Bandos Maa Gaa, a large circular reef, adjoining its SE side. There are marked channels for both the islets through the reef on their E sides, and a deep narrow channel separates the two islets. Useful mark There are two radio masts (04º 16'.11 N, 073º 29'.50 E) uncharted in Bodubados, an obstruction light is exhibited from the E mast. Anchorages Keeping clear of the reefs, vessels may anchor anywhere in this part of the lagoon. Southern-eastern part of Male Atoll Chart 266,227, 2061 General information and description In the S part of the atoll, there are the islands of Male, Hulhule, Viligili and several islets; they are mostly separated by navigable channels. Hulhule 1. Description. There is an airport on Hulhule Island (4º 11'.40 N, 73º 31'.70 E). The runway extends about 6 cables N and 4 cables S of the extremities of the island, giving it a total length of 2 miles; a series of prominent low-level airport buildings stand along the centre part of the W side of the island. 2 From the S end of the airport runway Hulhule Falhu extends about 4 miles NNE. The islet of Farukolhufushi lies towards the N end of this reef. A seaplane terminal and base lie 3 cables NE of the airport control tower. Landmark: 1 Control tower (4º 11'.27 N, 73º 31'.64 E), a white building with a red roof. A light is exhibited. Radio mast (23 m in height), (4º 11'.56 N, 73º 31'.62 E); red obstruction lights are exhibited from the mast. Harbour. On the W side of the islandthere is a small boat harbour, breakwaters constructed along the outer edge of the reef protect it. The harbour is reported to be subject to silting. 2 Entrances. There are two entrances to the harbour between: The N entrance is marked on the S side by a light (4º 11'.50 N, 73º 31'.51 E) exhibited from the detached breakwater head; the depth in the entrance is 1.2 m and the reef extends N of the breakwater into the entrance; The S entrance is opposite the airport control tower and is narrow between the reef and S breakwater; a light beacon (starboard hand) is situated on the reef ½ cable S of the entrance. 3 Moorings. Two mooring buoys (special) are moored close NW of the N entrance to the harbour; these are used by small tankers. Hulhumale’ 1 Description. Hulhumale’ (4º 12'.80 N, 73º 32'.40 E) is an artificial island 2 m above sea level and is to eventually replace male’ as the capital city of the archipelago. Several thousand of the population of male’ and some from other islands have been relocated to hulhumale’. Works areprovided to continue until 2020 when the population will be 60,000. 2 Caution.The area E of hulhumale’ is unsurveyed. 3 Landmark.Tower (4º 13'.24 N, 73º 32'.78 E) (45 m in height) standing at the NE corner of the island. 4 Anchorage. The lagoon W OF Hulhumale’is entered from W between two islets situated at the extremities of reefs; the entrance is marked by two buoys (special). There is an anchorage within the lagoon used by small craft. Viligili Description. Viligili (4º 10'.40 N, 73º 29'.10 E), a tourist resort, lies about 1 mile W of Male . It is a low wooded island with a steep-to reef on its S and W sides; a drying reef, on which the sea usually breaks, extends seaward from Rat Point, the SE extremity of the island. A group of rocks (1 m in height), whose existence is doubtful, are reported to exist about 4 cables WSW of Rat Point. Landmark: Dish aerial (4º 10'.3 N, 73º 29'.1E), lies about 13/4 miles SW of Vihamanaafushi (Kurumbaa Village).Whitein colour, stands about 30 m W of a radio tower. Berth.Small craft harbour facilities are located on the NE side of Viligili. Viligili E entrance to lagoon. Maa Thila, a shoal, which lies in centre, divides the opening between Viligili and Male into two channels; further shoals of 11 and 15.4 m lie, respectively, 2 and 4 cables NNE of Maa Thila. In the above entrance tidal streams are strong and tide-rips form near the shoals; navigation in the channels is not recommended. 2 Viligili W entrance to lagoon. With a least charted depth of 38 m the opening between Viligili and Gulhi Falhu, 1 mile WNW, is deep but it is narrow and not recommended for navigation. Another channel, 1½ mile farther W, is tortuous and also not recommended. Feydhoo Feydhoo (4º 12'.86 N, 73º 29'.13 E) lies 2¼ miles N of Viligili and is a bare sandy islet mostly surrounded by a steep-to reef which dries in places. The islet is owned by the Ministry of Education and used as an education settlement. There are breakwaters extending from the N part of the islet on its E and W sides.Three breakwaters lights locatedon the NE corner of the islet. Aarah Aarah (4º 13'.82 N, 73º 29'.68 E) islet is the holiday residence of the President of the Republic of Maldives and lies 1 miles NNE of Feydhoo. Access is restricted. Enclosed by two breakwaters, a small boat basin is situated on the S side of the islet. Vihamanaafushi (Kurumbaa Village) Vihamanaafushi (Kurumbaa Village) (4º13'.60 N, 73º 31'.20 E), a tourist resort, lying 1½ miles E of Aarah, is densely populated on its W side; a small jetty extends S from its S shore. A mooring buoy, with a light-buoy moored close N, lies 2 cables SE of the islet. Useful mark.A radio mast (04º 13'.49 N, 073º 31'.20 E), stands on the SE part of Vihamanaafushi (Kurumbaa Village) Islet. Galu Falhu Galu Falhu (04º 12'.5 N, 073º 30'.0 E), is a circular reef which appears to contain deep water and lies about 13/4 miles SW of Vihamanaafushi ( Kurumbaa Village). 2 Useful marks.Two light beacon are positioned at the NW and NE corner of the circular reef. Dhoonidhoo Dhoonidhoo (04º 11'.8 N, 073º 31'.1 E) lying 1¾ miles SSW of Vihamanaafushi ( Kurumbaa Village) is a wooded islet, and is surrounded by a reef. The Ministry of Public Safety administers it and landing is prohibited, but authorized boats can secure to the outer end of the E of the two coral breakwaters situated at the N end of the islet. Between the breakwaters, a derelict iron jetty is suitable only for small authorized boats. Useful marks Radio tower (04º 11'.87 N, 073º 30.84 E) standing at the NE side of the island. Funadhoo Funadhoo (04º 11'.00 N, 073º 31'.10 E) an islet, lying 8 cables SSE of Dhoonidhoo is covered with tall trees; it is surrounded by a reef which dries in places. The islet has a small harbour situated on the S side and another, which is a fuelling harbour with a tank farm onshore, on its NW side.There is a narrowchannel through the reef to a jetty at the SW end of the islet. MALE General information Charts 266, 227, 2061 Position Male (04º 10'.50 N, 073º 30'.50 E) is situated near the SE point of Male Atoll on the N side of the E entrance to Vaadhoo Kandu. Function Male is the capital city and the seat of the office of the President. The island has a small harbour and a large anchorage. Tourism is the main industry Topography 1 Male and its nearby islands are all very low and the first landfall points visible are normally the buildings or ships at anchor. 2 Most of the island is built upon; there are many modern buildings especially on the N side and there is a network of earth and paved roads; island is however thickly wooded. 3 A sea-wall, built with tetrapods, extends along the S side of the island. Approach and entry The port is approached from E via Bodu Kalhi and entered between, the NE point of Male Island and the N end of the airport runway on Hulhule. Port authority Maldives Ports Authority, boduthakurufannu magu, Maafannu,Male’ 20-02, Republic of Maldives. Email: info@maldport.com.mv Limiting conditions Controlling depths 1 The maximum permitted draughts are 9.5 m at Magathu Faalan and 25 m in the anchorage. 2 Tidal levels. Mean maximum range0.6 m; mean minimum range 0.3 m. Deepest and longest berth Magathu Faalan (Northern Pier). Mean tidal levels See information in relevant Tide Tables. Mean spring range about 0.7 m; mean neap range about 0.3 m. Density of water Density of water is normally about 1.026 g/cm3. Arrival information Port radio Vessels arriving to Port of Male and other terminal must establish VHF contact to Harbour Control on VHF channel 10, two hours before vessel arrival to pilot boarding ground. For details see the relevant List of Radio Signals. Notice of ETA required 24 hoursnotice of ETA is required. Confirmation to be intimated 2 hours before arrival. Pilots and tugs Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels over120gt. Pilots boards in position4º 16' N 73º 34'E. Vessels proceeding to pilot boarding ground should maintain a minimum separation distance of 1 mile with a vessel ahead which is also proceeding to the pilot boarding ground. Vessels when executing the passage plan to approaches of pilot boarding ground shall do so at a safe speed taking into consideration the separation distance and factors listed in rule 6 of COLREGs, such as the state of visibility, available sea room and traffic density Harbour General layout 1 Anchorage and berthing areas. Anchorage areas in the open water N of Male and Viligili, 1 mile W consist outer harbour; the inner harbour provides numerous berths for small vessels on the N side of theisland and another small enclosed harbour has been constructed at its SW corner. 2 Approach channel. Bodu Kalhi (04°16'.35 N 073°32'.75 E), steering for the deep –water fairway lying 6 cables S of Lakanfinolhu, which is marked by a light beacon (lateral) and some 3 cables clear of its reef; then, the route leads 1½ miles W and 5 miles SSW, then S, through a channel of islets and reefs marked by light beacons (lateral and cardinal) to the anchorage N of Male, passing: 3 S of two shoal patches with least charted depths of 8 m and 7 m (04°17'.14 N, 073°32'.21 E) and (04°17'.28 N, 073°31'.98 E) respectively, then to N then WNW of an unnamed reef which dries (04°15'.90 N 073°32'.00 E); shoal patches extend ½ cable NW and 2 cables S from this reef. 4 ESE of Bandos Maa Gaa (04°15'.70 N, 073°30'.50 E), then to WNW of Vihamanaafushi ( Kurumbaa Village) (04°13'.61 N 073°31'.19 E)ESE of Aarah (4°13'.82 N 73°29'.68 E), The track then continues S, passing: E of Galu Falhu (04°12'.50 N, 73°30'.00 E), then toW of Dhoonidhoo (04°11'.82 N, 073°30'.83 E), then to; to the port or designated anchorage N of Male. Tidal streams and currents It appears that the monsoon currents far more than by the tidal streams influence water movement in and around Male. When the currents are flowing strongly tidal streams are probably only strong enough to increase or decrease the flow of the currents, but rarely strong enough to reverse their direction. Therefore, because they depend on the current, sets are often strong and unpredictable. 1. The streams from Vaadhoo Channel set across in Gaadhoo Koa and during the NE monsoon a component of the current sets NW through the entrance setting a vessel towards the reef fringing the E side of Male; within the entrance, the flow then turns W between Male and Funadhoo. During the NE monsoon strong sets have been reported within Male Harbour. 2 Local Observation. The above flow was observed in February 1972, to start 1½ hours before high water and continue until 1½ hours before low water, attaining a maximum rate of 2½ to 3 kts N of Male Breakwater. At about the time of high water, this stream sets strongly along the N face of the breakwater; at the same time, the flow E of Funadhoo was weak and variable. In the SW monsoon conditions a component of the current enters Male Lagoon through Giraavaru Irumathee Channel, 6 miles W of Male, flowing out principally through the channel E of Viligili and between Male and Funadhoo into Vaadhoo Channel. in the lagoon. Principal marks 1 Two radio masts (obstruction lights) (04º 10'.30 N, 073º 31'.03 E) standing close together near the SE point of Male’; these masts readily identify the island from E. 2 Television tower (red and white bands, 59 m in height) (04º 10'.29 N, 073º 30'.63 E); red obstruction lights are exhibited. 3 Communication tower (obstruction lights) (04º 10'.59 N, 073º 30'.76 E) (red and white bands, 72 m in height). 4 Mosque (04º 10'.70 N, 073º 30'.64 E), white in colour with gold dome; a minaret, white in colour with gold cupola, stands close NE of the mosque. Directions Cautions 1. Male and its nearby islands are generally not detected on radar until after a visual landfall has been made. Reclamation or construction work is going on several islands and radar ranges should be verified carefully.The recommended daylight approach to the anchorage N of Male, for all vessels upto 40 m, is through Maathila except those of very low power, which normally use Bodu Kalhi. Night navigation of the channel is not recommended. 2 The Gaadhoo Koa channel has proved to be increasingly dangerous for shipping with the seasonal monsoons causing strong currents that set across its mouth at a reported rate of up to 6 kts and hence it is permanently closed for all vessels. Approach from east 1 Vessels approaching from E should use Bodu Kalhi (04°16'.35 N 073°32'.75 E), steering for the deep –water fairway lying 6 cables S of Lakanfinolhu, which is marked by a light beacon (lateral) and some 3 cables clear of its reef; then, the route leads 1½ miles W and 5 miles SSW, then S, through a channel of islets and reefs marked by light beacons (lateral and cardinal) to the anchorage N of Male, passing: 2 S of two shoal patches with least charted depths of8 m and 7 m (04°17'.14 N,073°32'.21 E) and (04°17'.28 N, 073°31'.98 E) respectively, then toN then WNW of an unnamed reef which dries (04°15'.90 N,073°32'.00 E); shoal patches extend ½ cable NW and 2 cables S from this reef. 3 ESE of Bandos Maa Gaa (04°15'.70 N,073°30'.50 E), then toWNW of vihamanaafushi (04°13'.61 N 073°31'.19 E)ESE of Aarah (4°13'.82 N 73°29'.68 E), The track then continues S, passing: E of Galu Falhu (04°12'.50 N, 73°30'.00 E), then toW of Dhoonidhoo (04°11'.82 N,073°30'.83 E), then to; to the port or designated anchorage N of Male. Approach from west 1 While approaching Male from W enter Kardiva Channel (04º 50'.00 N, 073º 10'.00 E) between Thoddoo and Gaafaru Falhu, 23 miles N of Thoddoo. Keeping a safe distance close N of Thoddoo, steer for the W entrance to Vaadhoo Channel where course should be adjusted to pass S of Male; both Thoddoo and Male Islands are normally visible at a good distance and the former usually remains visible until the latter is sighted. Approach from north-east 1 Bodu Kalhi (04º 16'00 N, 073º 33'00 E) is recommended route for low powered vessels, sailing vessels and other small vessels approaching from E. Vessels entering by this channel should steer for the deep-water fairway lying about 6 cables S of Lankanfinolhu Islet and some 3 cables clear of its reef; thereafter, the route leads 1½ miles W and 5 miles SSW to the anchorage N of Male, passing (with positions from the W point of Vihamanaafushi (04º 13'.6 N, 073º 31'.0 E): 2 S of an unexamined shoal patch (3¾ miles NNE) with a charted depth of 7.1 m over it, andN then WNW of an unnamed reef (2½ miles NNE); shoal patches extend about 1 cable NW and 2 cables S from this reef with charted depths, respectively, of 2.6 and 3.2 m near their outer limits. Then to: 3 ESE of Bandos Maa Gaa (2¼ miles NNW), then to: WNW of Vihamanaafushi, and: ESE of Aarah (1½ miles WNW), then to: ESE of Galu Falhu (1½ miles SW), then to: WNW of Dhoonidhoo (1¾ miles S), and: 4 Steer for the relevant anchorage area. Useful marks 1 Telecommunications (postal) tower; a red obstruction light (04º 10'.59 N, 073º 30’.76 E). 2 Harbour master’s office (04º 10'.74 N, 073º 30’.66 E), standing on shore abreast the main entrance in the breakwateron the N side of the island; a prominent flagstaff stands nearby. Berths Anchorages 1 Caution. During the NE monsoon, anchoring less than 3 cables N of the breakwater is not recommended, because of the strong currents experienced in that vicinity. 2 Outer harbour,situated N and NW of Male, and has the general anchorage areas for: tankers (two areas); dangerous cargoes; working cargo; military vessels and a waiting area. The limits of these areas are shown on the chart. Except for coasters and most RoRo, vessels work cargo at the anchorage. Special moorings 1 Small vessels can moor on the E side of Galu Falhu during the SW monsoon conditions; an anchor is set in the coral of this reef to which a vessel can secure, with a stern anchor laid out to the E. There are also two anchors on the SE part of Dhoonidhoo which can be used in the same way. Berths 1 Principal berth.Magathu Faalan (Northern Pier) (04º 10'.84 N, 073º 30’.33 E), RoRo berth for vessels up to 150 m long and a draught of 9.5 m. 2 Inner Atoll harbour.With depths about 1.8 to 3 m and situated on the N side of the island, it provides berthing for dhonis craft (open local boats), inter island boats, government vessels, tourist and private launches. A low breakwater protects this harbour with five entrances into the main part of the harbour and one to a small basin at the E end. The main entrance, which is 17 m wide, lies 4½ cables WNW of Sawmill Point, the NE point of the island. All of the entrances are marked with lights, exhibited from beacons (black and white bands), in accordance with the IALA Maritime Buoyage System (Region A). 3 Commercial Harbour. Provides berthing for lighters and vessels, with a draught of about 3 m and LOA 60 m, is situated at the NW corner of the island. It is enclosed by a breakwater with an entrance marked by lights in accordance with the IALA Maritime Buoyage System (Region A). 4 South West Harbour. Provides berthing for inter-island trading boats and lighters and is situated at the SW corner of the island. It is enclosed by an unmarked breakwater. It also provides a RoRo berth. Port services Repairs 1 Facilities exist for limited repairs, general maintenance. There is a slipway for small craft up to 50 tons, underwater cleaning and welding can be arranged. Other facilities 1 Hospital; de-ratting exemption certificates are available. Supplies 1 Lubricating, diesel and gas oil, fresh water, provisions and fish are available. Heavy oil is not available. Communications 1 Male Ibrahim Nasir International Airport at Hulhule, 1 mile NE; and by sea. Regulations 1 Immobilisation of vessel. For any work that would immobilise a vessel for more than 2 hours, prior approval from the harbour control office is required. 2 Hot work. Written approval from the port authority is required for any hot work while in the anchorage or at a berth. 3 Trade. Due to customs regulations, the islanders in the out-lying atolls of the Maldives are not permitted to trade with foreign vessels. All trade being conducted through Male. Rescue 1 The following rescue facilities are reported to be available:Smallsalvage tug. Speed boats (40 kts). Seaplane and helicopters. See the relevant List of Radio Signals. For further information on rescue facilities. KARDIVA CHANNEL TO EIGHT DEGREE CHANNEL General Information Charts 266,265,273 Area covered 1 This section covers the atolls situated in the northern part of the Maldives, these atolls are described in two groups as West groupand East Grouptogether with the routes through the area. 2 Routes. West and east of the above atolls; central channel, lying between the two groups of atolls, including Allhuras Channel. 3 Channels. Kardiva Channel and Eight Degree Channel the principal E/W channels lying, respectively, S and N of the area are also described. Atolls 1 Common feature of the atolls in the N part of the Maldives is that some the reefs within the barrier reefs aremore prominent than those within the atolls in the central and S parts. Currents 1 In the N part of the Maldives Group set W and NW from December to March inclusive; from May to October currents set E and SE but are subject to much variability at all seasons. Transition periods are the months of April and November. Tidal streams 1 At the N end of theseislands, tidal streams attain a rate of about 1½ kts but are very irregular and always influenced by the prevailing winds and currents; thus during the NE monsoon the out-going stream seems to run longer than in the opposite season. With strong W winds the in-going stream sets E for most of the day but when the wind eases the out-going stream takes its turn to set W in the same way when the water may fall 0.1 m lower than it usually does at springs. Principal marks Landmarks: 1 There are few landmarks in the area covered by this section and will only be seen by vessels approaching an individual atoll; therefore the descriptions of landmarks will be found in the relevant part and not in the directions for the area. WEST GROUP OF ATOLLS INCLUDING CHANNELS AND DIRECTIONS Passage directions west of atolls Charts227, 265,266,273 1 The passage leads N for about 200 miles from a position W of Kardiva Channel (04º 50' 00 N, 073º 10' 00 E), passingW of Goidhoo atoll (04º 51' N, 072º 55' E), thentoW of South Maalhosmadulu Atoll (05º 15' 00 N, 073º 00'00 E), then toW of North Maalhosmadulu atoll (05º 35' 00 N, 072º 55'00 E), then to: 2 W or E of Maamakunudhoo atoll (06º 20' 00 N, 072º 38'00 E), then toW of South Thiladhunmathee atoll (06º 38' 00 N, 073º 00'00 E), then to, W of Ihavandhippolhu atoll (07º 00' N, 072º 55' E), then: 3 To a position in Eight Degree Channel from where vessels may steer to pass W or E of Minicoy Island (08º 16' N, 073º 03' E) as required. KARDIVA CHANNEL Charts 266 Description 1 Kardiva Channel (Kaashidoo Channel) (04º 50'00 N, 073º 10'00 E) lies between North Ari and Male' Atolls to the SE and South Maalhosmadulu and Faadhippolhu Atolls, respectively, to the NW and N. The channel is orientated NE/SW and it is one of the principal routes in an E/W direction through the Maldives for ocean going vessels; for details of such routes see Ocean Passages for the World. 2 The channel is divided at its E part by the island of Kaashidhoointo two channels; Kaashidhoo Kuda Kandu leads S of the island and Kaashidhoo Bodu Channel leads N of it. Depths 1 The channel is deep and free from known dangers in the fairway. In the W approaches a seamount (04º 26'.10 N, 072º40'.25 E), with a depth of 185 m, lies 12 miles NNW of North Ari atoll. Tidal streams and current 1 Tidal streams set ENE when in-going and WSW when out-going through the channel, at a rate of up to2 kts. 2 The tidal stream is inappreciable when in-going during the NE monsoon; but the out-going is reinforced by the surface current generated by the monsoon. Similarly, the out-going stream is weak or absent and the in-going stream is strong during the SW monsoon. Lights 1 In the Channel and in its vicinity lights of limited range are exhibited. Approach aspect 1 The Channel’s W entrance is not easily identified; the wooded islets in Ari Atoll and Goidhoo atoll lie several miles within the dangers of their barrier reefs.2 The channel’s E entrance has Gaafaru Falhu on its S side which also is not easily identified; however, the N part of this entrance is well defined by Kaashidhoo (04º57'.50 N, 073º28'00 E) in the centre of the entrance, and by the islets on the SE end of Faadhippolhu atoll at its N entrance point. Passage directions 1 The chart is sufficient guide for Kardiva Channel. Useful marks 1 Thoddoo (04º 26'.20 N, 072º 57'.70 E) is visible froma good distance. Kaashidhoo (04º57'.50 N, 073º 28'.00 E). Kaashidhoo 1 General information. It is a wooded island (04º 57'.50 N, 73º 28'.00 E), oriented NE/SW 1½ miles Long and 5 cables wide with a town situated on its N side. The island is steep-to on its SE side but a reef extends 1½ miles NW from the NW side. The island has a small hospital. Lagoon.There is a small lagoon formed by the reef on the NW side of the island, and entrance to which, is about 5 cables NW of the NE point of the island. 2 Useful marks: Kaashidhoo Light (black cylindrical day mark on grey framework tower, 12 m in height) (04º 57'.5N, 073º 28'.5E) stands near the E extremity of the island. Radio mast (red and white bands, obstruction light), not charted, stands near the middle of the island. Goidhoo Atoll(Horsburgh atoll) Chart 265, 266, 2062 General information 1 Goidhoo atoll (04º 51'.00 N, 072º 55'.00 E), 10 miles long E to W and a max of 4½ miles wide, that lies near the SW end of Kardiva Channel and is a small atoll. For administrative purposes, the atoll is considered to form part of the Maalhosmadulu group of atolls which lie N of it. A barrier reef, which is only broken on its S side, surrounds the atoll and encloses an extensive lagoon; it was reported that the shape of the reef changes periodically. Principal islets 1 Goidhoo (04º 52'.60 N, 072º 59'.93 E), is the largest of the atoll islets at the NE end of the atoll, it is wooded along its seaward side and there is considerable habitation on the N part of the islet. A boat channel crosses the reef N of Goidhoo Islet; a beacon near its seaward entrance indicates the channel. 2 Fehendhoo and Fulhadhoo lie 1 and 3 miles W of Goidhoo respectively; both islets are wooded and from seaward, the villages standing on their N sides are visible. Innafushi, an islet lies on the reef about 2¾ miles W of the W end of Fulhadhoo and is mostly covered with bush. 3 On the S side of the atoll, Maafushi and Fehenfushi lie W and E of the lagoon entrance respectively. It was reported that Fehenfushi was difficult to identify due to several uncharted sand banks, up to 1 m in height, which exist along the SE side of the reef. Lagoon 1 Though the lagoon is fringed with dangers however it is clear in the Centre. 2 The entrance into the lagoon lies between the islets of Maafushi (04º48´.97N, 72°53´.45E and Fehenfushi. Doru Channel (4º 48'.76 N, 72º 53'.62 E), the channel through this opening, lies towards its W side between the reef fringing Maafushi and Dhoruchannel Dhekunu Huraa, a low islet about 8 cables W of Fehenfushi; Dhoruchannel Dhekunu Huraa was reported as being submerged at high water. The channel with a least charted depth of 18.3 m, on the W side of the fairway, 2 cables ESE of Maafushi and is about ¾ cable wide at its narrowest part. A beacon (S cardinal) is reported to lie close ESE of Maafusi. 3 Depths are shoal and irregular in the opening E of Dhoruchannel Dhekunu Huraa. Directions 1 Caution. Vessels should attempt to enter the lagoon only through Doru Channel; it would be prudent to do conning from aloft. 2 Approach. The SE point of Fehendhoo Islet bearing about 052º leads, from seaward, towards Doru Channel. it is advisable to take care while passing through Doru channel. 3 Anchorage. Within the lagoon anchorage can be obtained in depths of about 27 to 42 m. There is a good holding ground of sand, mud and clay. SOUTH MAALHOSMADULU ATOLL Chart 265,266 Position 1 South Maalhosmadulu atoll (05º 15'.00 N, 073º 00'.00 E) lies N of Goidhoo Atoll and on the NW side of KardivaChannel. The atoll is oriented NE to SW 26 miles long and 17 miles wide. General description 1 South Maalhosmadulu atoll has number of reefs, many of which form individual lagoon atolls. There are several islets, most of which lie on the barrier reef on the SW side of the atoll. The lagoon though encumbered throughout with numerous coral reefs and isolated dangerous rocks, is deep. Fishing and weaving are the principal occupation of the inhabitants of the atoll. Western side of South Maalhosmadulu Atoll 1 Description. The barrier reef trends from the S end of Bodufinolhu Reef (05º 00'.00 N, 072º 51'.60 E), about 8 miles NNW to the W point of Maa Faru, then 13 miles NNE to Hani Kandu Faru; the reef comprises several large individual reefs, all separated by narrow channels, as shown on the chart. 1 Principal islet. Thulhaadhoo (05º 01'.40 N, 072º 50'.50 E) is the largest of the few islets on this side of the atoll, which lies on Bodufinolhu Reef, at its S end. Useful mark: 1 Radio mast (red and white bands, obstruction light), not charted stands on Thulhaadhoo. 2 A light, not charted is exhibited from Ahivahfushi (05º 13'.86 N, 072º 51'.56 E). 3 Viligili Light (black cylindrical daymark on grey framework tower, 12 m in height) (05º 03'.8N, 072º 50'.5E) stands on Viligili Islet (uncharted). 1 Lagoon entrances. On this side of the atoll, the openings into the lagoon mostly lack convenient landmarks and their extremities are difficult to define. 1 Channel. The W opening, Kuda Kandu (05º 17'.50 N, 072º 53'.50 E), to a deep channel that leads E to the NE side of the atoll. The channel gives access tonumerous islets in the N part of the lagoon on both its N and S sides. Other names 1 Western side of South Maalhosmadulu atoll: Ahivahfushi (05º 13'.9 N, 072º 51'.5 E), an islet. Dhakandhoo (05º 15'.0 N, 072º 53'.6 E) an islet. Fares (05º 14'.0 N, 072º 52'.5 E) an islet. Kashi Faru (05º 14' N, 072º 52' E), a reef. South side of Kuda Kanduolhi Funadhoo (05º 16'.5 N, 073º 02'.0 E), an islet. Kendhoo (05º 16'.5 N, 073º 00'.7 E), an islet. Undoodhoo (05º 16'.5 N, 073º 02'.7 E), an islet. North side of Kuda Kandu olhi Boifushi (05º 18'.0 N, 072º 59'.7 E), an islet. Kashidhoogiri (05º 18'.0 N, 072º 58'.2 E), an islet. Kihavahhuruvalhi (05º 17'.8 N, 073º 03'.5 E), an islet. Kudarikilu (05º 18'.1N, 073º 04'.3 E), an islet. North-western side of South Maalhosmadulu atoll 1 Description.The barrier reef extends from Hanichannel Faru (05º 18'.50 N, 072º 55'.00 E), 10 miles ENE to Gaagadufaruhuraa Reef, with Gaagadufaruhuraa lying near its E end; this side of the atoll forms the S side of Hani Kandu. 1 Principal islet. Maarikilu (05º 20'.00 N, 072º 57'.20 E) is the largest islet on this side of the atoll. Lagoon entrances. Three deep entrances into the lagoon are marked by islets as shown on the chart. 1 Other names: Anhenunfushi (05º 20'.5 N, 072º 58'.1E), an islet. Dhigufaruvinagadu (05º 21'.1N, 072º 59'.5 E), an islet. South-eastern side of South Maalhosmadulu Atoll 1 Description. The barrier reef extends from Olhugiri (05º 00'.00 N, 072º 54'.40 E), along the NW side of Kardiva Channel, 22 miles NE to Vandhoomaa Faru which forms the E point of the atoll. 2 Restricted area, is centered on a dangerous rock (05º 08'.83 N, 073º 02'.35 E). Principal islands. A tourist resort, Kunfunadhoo (05º06'.75 N, 073º04'.60 E) and Daravandhoo, 4¼ miles NE, are the largest islands on this side of the atoll. Eydhafushi, (05º 06'.17 N, 073º04'.20 E), the capital and administrative Centre for south Maalhosmadulu atoll, has a small hospital and fishing harbour on its NE side. Within the lagoon there are several islands shown on the chart. 2 Useful marks: Radio mast (red and white bands), not charted, from which obstruction lights are exhibited, stands near the middle of Eydhafushi. A light, not charted is exhibited from E extremity of Vandhoomaa Faru. Lagoon entrances. The widest opening into the lagoon, Maa Kandu (05º 00'.00 N, 072º 53'.00 E), lies at the SW end of this side of the atoll, between Olhugiri Islet and Bodufinolhu Reef, about 1¾miles WNW; with a least charted depth of 12.5 m, over a rocky shoal situated in the middle of the fairway, the entrance is about 1½ miles wide. 2 On this side of the atoll there are several other openings into the lagoon. Some are deeper but narrower than the widest opening described above, whilst others are encumbered with rocks or shoals, as shown on the chart. Anchorage. On the N side of Hitaadhoo (05º 00'.45 N, 072º 55'.34 E) anchorage can be obtained. 1 Other names: Eydhafushi (05º 06'.2 N, 073º 04'.2 E), an islet. Hibalhidhoo (05º 08'.5 N, 073º 07'.0 E), an islet. Kanifushi (05º 00'.8 N, 072º 57'.0 E), an islet. Maaddoo (05º 05'.6 N, 073º 03'.7 E), an islet. Maalhoss (05º 08'.1 N, 073º 06'.5 E), an islet. Maa Maduvvari (05º 00'.5N, 072º 56'.5E), an islet. North-eastern side of South Maalhosmadulu Atoll 1 Description. The barrier reef trends from the N end of Vandhoomaa Faru (05º 15'.0 N, 073º 11'.5 E), about 10 miles NW to Gaagadufaruhuraa; the reef is generally broken in its SE part but there are large areas of coral towards its N end. Principal islets. On this side of the reef the largest islets are Kamadhoo (05º 17'.0 N, 073º 08'.1E) and Bathalaa 6 miles NW. There are a few islets within the lagoon near its SE part as shown on the chart. Lagoon entrances. A wide and deep opening Kamadhoo Channel (05º 16'.60 N, 073º 09'.00 E), which enters the lagoon SE of Kamadhoo; its SE entrance point is marked by Madhirivaadhoo, 1½ miles ESE of Kamadhoo. 2 From E, Kudarikilu Channel (05º 17'.55 N, 073º 05'.00 E) gives access to the deep channel. The S entrance point of the opening is marked by Landaa Giraavaru which is surrounded by a reef that extends about 2¼ miles WSW. 3 Other openings into the lagoon on this side of the atoll are less well defined than those described above; their positions and dangers are shown on the chart. Other names 1 Aidhoo (05º 11'.2 N, 073º 09'.7 E), an islet. Hanifaruhuraa (05º 10'.5 N, 073º 09'.1E), an islet. Kudadhoo (05º 01'.8 N, 072º 59'.5 E), an islet. Miriyandhoo (05º 03'.8 N, 073º 01'.8 E), an islet. Hani Kandu Chart 265 General information 1 South Maalhosmadulu Atoll and North Maalhosmadulu atoll are separated by Hani Kandu (Moresby Channel) (05º 19' N, 072º 53' E); the channel is about 1¾ miles wide at its narrowest part and is deep and free from charted dangers. 2 Caution. The W entrance to this channel is difficult to identify as it has no wooded islet near it.The chart is sufficient guide for passage through this channel. NORTH MAALHOSMADULU ATOLL Chart 265 Position North Maalhosmadulu atoll (05º 35'.00 N, 072º 55'.00 E) lies on the N side of Hani Kandu, is oriented N to S 35 miles long and a max of 16 miles wide. General description 1 North Maalhosmadulu atoll has large lagoon reefs forming its W side; the E side of the atoll consists of numerous islands and islets which are mostly separated by good passages into the lagoon. It is similar in character to South Maalhosmadulu atoll. 2 Though deep, the lagoon is encumbered throughout with numerous coral reefs, particularly in its W central part, where navigation is impracticable in a large area because of the close proximity of coral reefs and rocks.