Ch 33 (BAY OF BENGAL – SOUTHERN PORTION)

GALLE HARBOUR TO PALK STRAIT
General information
Currents:
Currents are irregular within 2 miles of the coast and W of DondraHead (3.20); there is often an indraught into MataraBay (3.29).
The currents E of Dondra Head set parallel with the coast and are generally weak. During the survey, in 1908 – 09, the currents were found to be weak and, although sometimes variable in direction, to set generally with the prevailing wind. The greatest rate observed was less than 1 kn; the average rate was ½ kn.
Currents farther offshore; a report (1994) from sea indicated a W-going current during theNE monsoon of between 1 and 3 knwhilst on passage S of Sri Lanka. See also 3.4.

Directions:
Principal marks:
Landmarks:
Hindelnattu (mountain) (06°07'.51N, 80°24'.10E). The mountain, fronted by gradual slopes, has a large rounded summit and a small pointed shoulder on its NE flank; an excellent landmark all rounds the S and SW coasts.
Gongola (mountain) (06°26'.25N, 80°34'.50E). The mountain is visible above the intervening hills in clear weather.
Dandra Head Lighthouse (white 8-sided tower, 49 m in height) (05°55'.26N, 80°35'.56E).
Waulugalakanda(a hill with a bare summit) (06°00'.77N, 80°42'.41E). The hill forms a good mark for vessels coasting but, not conspicuous to vessels farther offshore because of other hills behind it.

Dandra Head 
Description. Landing may be made in Dondra harbour (05°55'.40N, 80°35'.03E), a small marina on the W side of Dondra Head. It is used by local fishing craft. Landings on the E side of the head are not recommended because of the swell. 

Directions

Principal marks
Landmark:
Dondra Head Lighthouse (05°55'.26N, 80°35'.56E) (3.16).
Major light:
Dondra Head Lighthouse (05°55'.26N, 80°35'.56E) (3.16).

Two radio masts (obstruction lights) (06°09'.53N,80°44'.98E). 

Hambantota Port
General information:
Position and function. Hambantota Port (06°07'.48N, 81°06'.20E), presently (2013) under construction, lies on the S coast of Sri Lanka. When completed it will be the deepest port in Sri Lanka and handle a wide variety of wet and dry cargoes and containers.
Port authority. Sri Lanka Ports Authority, 19, Church Street, Colombo 01, Sri Lanka.

Limiting conditions:
Controlling depth. Depth alongside the cargo berth and oil jetty is 16.0 m.

Arrival information:
Outer anchorage. The designated anchorage (06°04'.22N, 81°05'.95E) has a radius of 600 m and depths of about 27 m.
Pilotage and tugs. Pilot board in position 06°03'.93N, 81°07'.31E, about 3 miles SSE of the entrance. Tugs are available.

Harbour:
General layout. The outer harbour is protected by an E/W main breakwater and a short N/S lee breakwater. The inner harbour, accessed between two short spurs, contains the berthing facilities.
Development. The port is being developed in three phases over a period of fifteen years. Phase I which was completed in 2011 includes a general cargo wharf and an oil jetty, respectively, on the W and E side of the harbour. Phase II and III will include dredging the approach channel to 18 m and basin to 17 m, construction of a dockyard, cement and fertiliser factories, vehicle distribution centre, warehouse and transshipment centres.  

Directions:
Entry. From the vicinity of the pilot boarding position (06°03'.93N, 81°07'.31E), the track leads NNW for about 3½ miles, between the main and lee breakwater heads (lit) to the turning basin in the inner harbour.
Useful marks:
Breakwater Head Light (06°07'.02N, 81°06'.38E).
Tower (White, 33 m in height) (06°07'.32N, 81°07'.62E).

Basin and berths:
a general cargo berth, 610 m in length lies on the W side of the basin,  a 310 m long oil jetty and a 100 m long service berth lie on the E side. Vessels of up to 100 000 dwt can be handled.

HAMBANTOTA TO LITTLE BASSES REEF

General information
Routes:
The offshore route leads about 45 miles NE from a position SSE of Hambantota Point (06°07'.25N, 81°07'.88E) thence NE to a position ESE of Little Basses Reef.
Offshore route. Usual route for vessels on passage along the coast is to seaward of both Great Basses Ridge (3.61) and Little Basses Ridge (3.61), passing about 2 miles SE of the lighthouses marking the reefs at the E end of both ridges.

Inshore route. In a good visibility conditions, with natural landmarks visible, a light draught vessels would prefer passage between the shore and both Great Basses Ridge and Little Basses Ridge. However, while using this route a careful attention to navigational position is advised due to proximity of shoal ground at places along the route.

Topography:
The coast between Hambantota Point (06°07'.25N, 81°07'.88E) and Illukatiya Point (3.68), 6 miles NNW of Little Basses Light (3.61), is sandy and barren with points from 15 to 50m high. The land between and behind the points is low, with occasional hills which usually rise abruptly. In clear weather the mountain district of Sri Lanka will be seen in the background.
Sandhills and rocky formations of moderate height lie close behind the coast between Dorava Point (06°12'.00N, 81°19'.40E) and Butawa Point, 12 miles NE.
The area enclosed by the rivers of Menik Ganga(06°21'.86N, 81°31'.66E),KumbukkanOya, 14 miles NE (3.68) and the N boundary of the Southern Province, is preserved as a game sanctuary. The latter river forms the E boundary of the Southern Province.

Anchorages: 
Although open anchorage over a bottom of sand and rock, can be obtained off almost any part of this stretch of coast, none of the bights afford shelter during either monsoon. However, during the SW monsoon, if the wind is well to W, the sea is less disturbed off the E part of the coast. 

Currents:
Currents are strongly influenced by the prevailing wind between Hambantota and Illukatiya Point (3.68). However following currents have been experienced during the conduct of survey: October/November; NE-going and SW-going experienced equally, maximum rate 1 kn.

November to March; WSW to SSW-going with little variation and maximum rate 2 kn.
December; After a cyclonic storm in Bay of Bengal the NE wind was replaced by a light SW wind and the direction of the current became NNE to ENE-going. When the SW wind ceased the current reverted to SW-going.

The following observations of the current near Little Basses Reef (3.62) were made onboard a light- vessel:
In January, SSW 2 to 2½kn; in February, SSW 2 kn, but at times slacker; in March, generally SSW, variable and weak at times; in April, variable, occasionally SW, usually weak but strong when setting SW; in May, NE 1 to 3 kn; in June to September, NNE 1 to 3 kn; in October, NNE, changing about the middle of the month to SSW, 5 kn; in November, SSW 4 to 5 kn; in December, SSW 5 kn.

Winds and Sea:
Local weather. W and SW winds prevail from April to November.
Caution. In January the sea is rough, vessels bound NE should remain well offshore and clear of dangers along the SE coast of Sri Lanka. The sea is much calmer in month of March.

Directions

Hambantota to Patirajja Point
The route leads 6 miles ENE from a position SE of Hambantota Point (06°07'.25N, 81°07'.88E) (3.39) to a position SSE of Patirajja Point, passing: 
SSE of Pitawatan Point (06°08'.18N, 81°08'.63E), the NE extremity of the bay of Hambantota, then to:
SSE of Gurugudu Point (06°08'.92N, 81°10'.18E), which is rounded and not easily distinguished, has some detached rocks close offshore, and:
SSE of Patirajja Point (reddish colour) (06°10'.01N, 81°13'.48E), which terminates in a rocky shelf 0.6 m in height.

LITTLE BASSES REEF TO TRINCOMALEE

GENERAL INFORMATION

Area covered
The area covered by this section is arranged as follows:
Little Basses Reef to Sangama Kanda Point
Sangama Kanda Point to Triconmalee
Approaches to Trincomalee
Trincomalee Harbour

Navigational restriction 

Currents:
The currents are variable off the E coast of Sri Lanka. Currents are likely to set onshore during the period of January to April between the latitudes of 06°30'N and 08°00'N.
Under normal weather conditions, S-going sets of 5 kn have been experienced E of the 200 m depth contour, during the month of November and December.
The direction of the inshore current often changes between Little Basses Reef (06°24'.45N, 81°43'.85E) and Trincomalee, 130 miles NNW, during the period March to August. Although the directions of the currents are usually parallel with the coast, frequent reversals, N-going and S-going, occur without any apparent reason. N-going and S-going currents often exist side by side, between 3 and 10 miles off the coast with more than one current setting in each direction.
Caution. While navigating between Little Basses Reef and Trincomalee, a great care is required due to the unpredictable nature of the currents. A Continuous sounding is advisable.

LITTLE BASSES REEF TO SANGAMA KANDA POINT

General information
Route
The route leads about 43 miles NNE from a position SE of Little Basses Light (3.59) to a position E of Sangama Kanda Point (3.79).

Currents
During the SW monsoon period of 1908, the current was S-going at 1½ kn, in the vicinity of EgeriaPatch(06°57'.15N, 81°55'.63E) (3.79).
Currents are reported to be variable and often set towards the coast near Komari Ridge (3.7980), 5 miles NNW of Egeria Patch.

Direcitons
Principal marks
Landmarks:
Mandagala(06°30'.86N, 81°37'.20E) (3.59).
Kongala (hill) (06°33'.95N, 81°42'.13E).
Asses Ears (06°38'.80N, 81°43'.22E).
Nilagalahela (isolated hill with two summits, the NE and higher summit) (06°50'.43N, 81°42'.10E). From E the hill appears as a single peak, steep-to on the S side. Being the highest in the vicinity and darker than its surroundings it is a good landmark.
Westminster Abbey (remarkable tower-like mountain, elevation 558 m at its NW point) (07°02'.12N, 81°32'.81E), conspicuous from E or S.
Konduruhela (isolated sugar loaf peak) (07°02'.90N, 81°40'.04E).
Little Basses Light (3.59). 
Major light:
Little Basses Light (3.59). 

E of Sangama Kanda (Sangamankanda) Point (07°01'.61N, 81°52'.65E), on which stands Sangama Kanda Point Light (white concrete tower, brown base). A white martellotower (6 m in height, grey topmark) stands near the point. Good radar returns have been reported from the point. The N end of Komari Ridge, rocky, lies 1½ miles E of Sangama Kanda Point. To seaward of the ridge, for about 3 miles, the bottom is very uneven and heavy breakers caused by winds and currents may be experienced.

SANGAMA KANDA POINT TOTRINCOMALEE

General information
Route:
The route leads about 100 miles N and NNW from a position E of Sangama Kanda Point (3.78), to a position off Trincomalee Bay.

Topography 
Between Sangama Kanda Point and Batticaloa Roads, 45 miles NNW, the coast is cultivated with coconut palms in many places; the hinterland is low and flat, with hills about 10 miles inland. From Batticaloa Roads toElephant Point (3.89), 16 miles NNW, coconut palms again dominate with several distinctive hills in the background. Thereafter, to Trincomalee, the coast is covered in jungle with only afew, unimportant inland hills.

Depths
Off the coast except for a few rocky patches within1 mile offshore, depths are fairly regular. Occasional patches of shoal ground, with depths less than 10 m,extend 2 miles offshore. Generally the 100 m depth contour line lies between 4 and 10 miles offshore. Less water than charted was reported (2001); see legend on chart. 

Overfalls
Depths increases suddenly outside of the 100 m depth contour line, and even in good weather heavy overfalls can occur.

Useful marks: 
Sangama Kanda Point Light (07°01'.61N, 81°52'.65E) (3.79).
Thompson Hill (07°07'.23N, 81°44'.49E).
Sharp Hill (07°09'.08N, 81°44'.91E).
Bennington Hill (wooded, wedge-shaped) (07°13'.30N, 81°41'.33E).
Cluster of red roofs (position approximate) (07°12'.12N, 81°51'.00E).         
White tower, conspicuous, at Kalmunai(07°24'.83N, 81°49'.77E). 
Tower (framework, red obstruction light) (07°43'.65N, 81°41'.45E), conspicuous within Batticaloa.
Batticaloa Light (white tower, 28 m in height) (07°45'.28N, 81°41'.12E), standing on the W side of the entrance to Batticaloa Lake (3.92).

Batticaloa Roads to Panditivo Point 

Useful marks: 
Tower Hill(hog-backed)(07°43'.15N, 81°23'.79E), with a prominent rock, like a tower, on its summit.
Baron’s Cap(sugar-loaf hill)(07°50'.21N, 81°23'.54E); prominent when clear of other hills, especially from about due E,but from NE its top appears broader and merges with hills farther S.
KirimechiodaiMalai (08°00'.35N, 81°25'.74E); only seen  between bearings 247° and 292° when it appears as a low, wedge-shaped hill with a small peak, rising steeply from S and sloping N.
KunchanKallu (08°00'.52N, 81°22'.33E); from SE it appears wedge-shaped and moderately steep to the S; from NE it has no well-defined summit.	Small Quoin(from SE slopes to a single summit) (08°01'.80N, 81°18'.34 E).

Batticaloa Roads
General information:
Batticaloa Roads (07°46'.00N, 81°41'.50E) is an open roadstead port, off the entrance to Batticaloa Lake. There is a good anchorage in the SW monsoon however it is not recommended during the NE monsoon.    
The town of Batticaloa(07°42'.66N, 81°41'.68E), is the Headquarters of the Civil Administration of the Eastern Province, situated 3 miles within the entrance to Batticaloa Lake. The Government Agent is Master Attendant.
Batticaloa Lake, about 25 miles long, is entered bysmall vessels up to about 30 dwtonly. A bar, with depths from 0.9 to 1.8 m, fronts the entrance to the lake. However, formation of the bar changes with each monsoon.  The bar is almost inaccessible during the NE monsoon. A bridge, 2½ miles above the entrance, presents height restrictions.

Weather: 
At Batticaloa, W or SW winds prevail from February to November.Depressions from the Bay of Bengal may affect Batticaloa at the close of the SW monsoon. The NW monsoon sets in towards the end of November.
During the night and morning, the wind is usually light and variable, particularly during the SW monsoon, and in the transitional periods between the monsoons. In the afternoon, sea breezes prevail; usually from NE to SE.
During the SW monsoon a hot dry wind, known locally as the BatticaloaKachchan, may blow down from the hills, usually W or SW. These winds are most prevalent during June and July, averaging 7 days per month, and replace the normal afternoon E sea breeze.

Useful marks:
Obelisk (7 m in height) (07°45'.55N, 81°40'.49E), position approximate. 

Anchorages:
A good berth for a large vessel is in a depth of about 12 m with Batticaloa Light bearing 154°, distant about 1 mile. 
A small vessel may anchor in a depth of about 12 m with Batticaloa Light bearing 176°, distant 7½ cables, in close proximity to the 10 m depth contour lines and 1½ cables SE of Surveyor Rock and Khandalla Rock. This is a convenient berth for communicating with the shore.

Facilities:
Berth. A small jetty at the fort in Batticaloa is used by small vessels to load and discharge cargo alongside.
Supplies. Fresh provisions are very scarce. 

Trincomalee Harbour (08°33'.33N, 81°12'.89E) is situated on the NE coast of Sri Lanka. The town of Trincomalee lies on an isthmus in the NE part of the harbour, with an estimated population of 435 000 in 2013.
Itis the only entirely sheltered natural harbour in the South Asian sub-continent. The harbour, which acts as the main base for Sri Lankan Navy, is now under developmentas a commercial port, to include much improved alongside berthing. Vessels of almost any size can obtain anchorage in the harbour but these are only a limited number of alongside berths. See also 3.102.
The principle imports are cement, clinker and wheat in bulk; the main export is mineral sands and wheat bran peller in bulk. 

Topography: 
The Harbour is about 3 miles in length and encloses several small islands. The shoreline is indented with picturesque bays and coves, separated by wooded ridges of moderate height, often aligned in an NE/SW direction. The entrance channel is deep and depths within the harbour gradually shoal into the various bays and coves.

Port authority:
The portis administered by the Sri Lanka Ports Authority, Inner Harbour Road, Trincomalee, Sri Lanka.

Limiting conditions
Depths:
With a least depth about 22 m WSW of Elephant Point (3.129), the entrance channel is sufficiently deep and depths of more than 30 m may be found 1½ mile within the harbour. Elsewhere, the majority of the navigable waters in the harbour vary between about 11 m and 30 m.

Tidal levels:
The tidal range is small, about 0.6 m during spring and 0.2 m during neaps. For more information see IndianTide Tables.
Density of water: 1.01200 to 1.02300 g/cm3.

Weather:
There is a heavy swellof short duration on the outer beaches, however violent wind and rain storms occur, calms are frequent in the morning; during the NE monsoon. A wind sometimes develops in the harbour causing small breaking waves which can endanger boats.

Submarine cable:
A submarine cable crosses the E side of the harbour in a NW direction from the Naval Yard (3.144), turning NE close W of Powder Spit buoy (starboard hand) thence turning WNW ½ cable SW of Mid Powder buoy (Special), and is landed ashore at the SW entrance to Welcombe Hotel Cove.

Pilotage and tugs:
Pilotage, is compulsory and is available during daylight hours only, conducted by the Deputy Harbour Master. Vessels arriving between 1800 and 2100 (local time) may be brought in at the Deputy Harbour Master’s discretion.  The pilots board 2 cables N of Round Island (3.107).
Forfurther details see the relevant Indian List of Radio Signals Volume 6.

Local knowledge:
While entering Tambalagam Bay (3.100) local knowledge is required.

Regulations concerning entry
Restrictions. Vessels may enter during the hours of daylight only.
For further restrictions see 3.102.
Prohibited areas. There are a number of areas, some onshore, within the port into which entry is prohibited; some of these areas are described below but others may exists. Full details should be obtained from the local authority.
Entry into Clappenburg Bay (3.143) and Orlando Cove (3.143) is prohibited without prior clearance from the Sri Lankan Naval Authorities.
The entire area, surrounding the Naval Yard (3.144), enclosed by a line joingingOstenburg Point(08°32'.58N, 81°13'.30E), York Shoal Light Buoy, Keroela Rock, the N point of York Island and Pepperpot Jetty is prohibited. 

TRINCOMALEE TO POINT PEDRO

GENERAL INFORMATION
Area covered
This section describes the waters off the NE side of Sri Lanka and is arranged as follows:
Trincomalle to Mullaititivu
Mullaititivu to Point Pedro and Point Calimere

TRINCOMALEE TO MULLAITTIVU

General information

Route: 
The route leads about 52 miles NW from a position off Trincomalee Bay (08°32'.65N, 81°16'.21E) (3.97) to a position NE of Mullaittivu (3.155).

Topography: 
The coast,between Elizabeth Point (08°37'.70N, 81°13'.60E) (3.157) and Koduwakattumalai (3.154), 17 miles NW, consists of long sandy beaches fronting several lagoons, with shallow bars at their entrances. The shore is generally wooded and backed by low hills.
Between Elizabeth Point and Ava Point (3.153), 7 miles NNW, reefs and foul ground extend up to 2 miles offshore, and for about 1¼ mile offshore between Ava Point and Shoulder Point (3.154), 16 miles farther NW.
Between Shoulder Point and Mullaittivu (3.156), 23 miles NW, the coastline is very straight and generally low with occasional lagoons backing the shore. 

Depths:
The depths off the coast are fairly regular except for rocky patches within the 10 m depth contour line which extends to 2 miles off the coast, and to 5 miles when Mullaittivu Shoals (3.155) are approached; less water than charted was reported (2001).

Currents:
Currents, on the NE coast of Sri Lanka, are generally dominated by circulation in the Bay of Bengal with S sets from July to January and N sets from February to June. They can often be strong, although the average rate is 1 kn. 

Directions
Landmarks:  
Mullaittivu Light (metal framework tower, 20 m in height) (09°16'.27N, 80°48'.93E).

Caution:
A number of unexamined rocks and shoals, lies off the coast within the 20 m depth contour, between Elizabeth Point (08°37'.70N, 81°13'.60E) (3.157) and Pulmoddai Roads, 22 miles N. Other uncharted dangers may also exist both farther offshore between Elizabeth Point and Pulmoddai Roads and farther N between Pulmoddai Roads and Mullaittivu (09°16'.27N, 80°48'.93E) (3.155).
Between Elizabeth Point and Mullaittivu, it is advisable toremain in depths of more than 40 m by day and more than 50 mby night or in bad weather conditions.

Principal marks
Landmarks:
Mullaittivu Light (09°16'.27N, 80°48'.93E) (3.151). 
Pedro Channel South Obelisk (white structure, white diamond topmark, 22 m in height) (09°35'.02N, 80°27'.48E), which may be partly obscured by trees.

Point Pedro Light (white masonry tower, 31 m in height) (09°49'.68N, 80°14'.75E) standing on Point Pedro, the NE point of Sri Lanka. The coast for about 1 mile SE of Point Pedro is lined with tall trees, about 20 m high.
Point Calimere Light(10°17'.43N, 79°52'.14E)(3.188).
Kodiyakkarai Light (10°16'.74N, 79°49'.59E) (3.188).

Major Lights:
Point Calimere Light(10°17'.43N, 79°52'.11E)(3.188).
Kodiyakkarai Light (10°16'.85N, 79°49'.52E) (3.188).

Passage east of Point Pedro Shoal
The route leads 70 miles NW from a position NE of Mullaittivu (09°16'.27N, 80°48'.93E) (3.160) to a position E of Point Calimere Light (3.188), passing NE of Point Pedro Shoal (3.172), and NE of South Banks (3.190) and Middle Banks (3.192), which are the shallowest parts of the shoal ground lying in Palk Strait (3.182).
Caution. It is advisable to remain in depths of more than 40 m by day and more than 50 m by night when transiting from Mullaittivu to Point Calimere. 
(Directions are continued in the Bay of Bengal Pilot)

Pedro Channel
The route leads about 50 miles NW from a position NE of Mullaittivu (09°16'.27N, 80°48'.93E) (3.160) to a position NE of Point Pedro Light (3.168), passing: 
NE of Mullaittivu Shoals (09°17'.40N, 80°52'.23E) (3.155) and the shoal bank, with depths of less than 9 m, extending 13 miles NW from Mullaittivu Shoals.
Cautions. Discoloured water and shallower depths than charted have been reported in the approaches to Pedro Channel. It is likely that Pedro Channel South Obelisk may not be visual initially, unless closer to the coast, it is advisable to use the leading mark, as described.
During SW winds a red sand-haze forms over the land which may reduce coastal visibility to about 3 miles.
The route leads NW through Pedro Channel, after passing SSW of the SE extremity of Point Pedro Shoal, passing about mid-way between the coast and Point Pedro Shoal, to a position NE of Point Pedro Light (3.168). The channel, gradually narrowing to 2 miles wide at its NW end, has depths of between 10.4 and 17.4 m but shallower depths have been reported. Point Pedro Shoal, with depths between 9.1 and 1.8 m, has two shallow heads, Ethiopia Shoal and Stork Shoal, lying, respectively, 9 miles SE and 6 miles ESE from Point Pedro Light (3.168).
Two stranded wrecks, as shown on the chart, position approximate, lie on Point Pedro Shoal, one towards its SE end the other abreast Point Pedro.

JAFFNA

General information. (09°39'.84N, 80°00'.56E), The Principal Town of Jaffna Peninsula, lying on its SW coast. The entrance to Jaffna lagoon, between the NE extension of kalmunai point and the coast 1½ miles NE, lies 4 miles SE of Jaffna. The lagoon is large and shallow.
The government agent is master attendant and collector of customs; ther are special regulations governing the hire of boats to land and embark cargo.

Port authority. Sri lanka port authority, PO BOX  595, No 19 Church Street, Colombo.
Tide levels. Mean spring range about 0.6 m; mean neap range about 0.2 m.
Notice of eta: 5, 3 and 1 day before arrival.
Pilotage is compulsory
Anchorage. vessels up to 3.7 m draught can load and discharge in the stream near the town. Larger vessels, up to 15 200 dwt, have been reported loading cargoes of bagged salt.

Mahabalipuram Light. (12º 36'.8N, 80º 11'.5E) Is exhibited from a Circular masonry tower, 26m in height, standing on a prominent rock, ½ mile within the extremity of the point. The lighthouse has been reported to be good radar target at a distance of upto 16 miles. 

CHENNAI

Chennai (Madras), (13° 06'N, 80° 18'E) the capital and seat of Government of the State of Tamil Nadu, is the Major harbour of the Coromandel Coast and the third largest port in India; it lies close to the sea on a low sandy coast exposed to heavy surf. With its suburbs the city extends N along the coast for about 12 miles from the mouth of Adyar River. The City of Chennai is 368 years old and is the 36th largest city in the world with an approximate population of 76 lakhs (2006).
Chennai Light (13º 02'.3N, 80º 16'.8E) is exhibited from a triangular RCC tower (red and white bands), 46m in height ½ mile NNE of Saint Thomas Cathedral. A racon (K) transmits from the lighthouse.

Port Limits.
To the North. A line running from a point which is 20m N of a position 13° 07' 58".8N, 80° 17' 57".9E to position 13° 09' 00"N, 80° 20' 00"E and a line running from a point in position 13° 09'N, 80° 20' E to a point in position 13° 09' N, 80° 22' E.
To the South. A line running from a point in position 13° 03'.9N, 80° 17'.25E to a position 13° 03'N, 80° 20'E and a line from a position 13° 03'N, 80° 20'E to a position 13° 03'N, 80° 22'E, provided always a triangular portion of land in No. 1803 of Vepary Division be excluded.
In the East. A line connects the eastern extremities of the above, described North and South boundaries, i.e. from the position 13° 09'N, 80° 22'E to a position 13° 03'N, 80° 22'E

A cable area in which anchoring and fishing is prohibited lies in the S approaches to the harbour the limits of which are shown on the chart.   

A Number of submarine cables lie between the mouth of Cooum and Adyar River. Anchoring and fishing is prohibited in this area.
At night it is advised that vessels should not approach into depths of less than 16m without pilot.


Submarine Exercise:	
Area lies with its center about 20 miles ENE of Kovalam point. A good look-out should be maintained in the vicinity.

Firing Practice area lies about 30 miles ESE of Kovalam Point, centered on 12°41' N, 80° 45'E as shown on the chart. Mariners are advice to exercise caution while navigating within this area.

Approach Channel:
The approach channel to Chennai Harbour entrance, which is about 1½  cables wide at its narrowest portion, is dredged to depth of 19.2m and the inner channel is 18.6m and marked by numbered light-buoys of  IALA System (Region A), green conical on the W (starboard) side and red can on the E (port) side. The seaward light buoy (green conical, quick flashing (3) every 5 seconds, radar reflector) lies 3¾ miles NE. The turning circle is maintained at a depth of 18m. The harbour basin is dredged to 10.8 m. 
Light-buoys Nos 3 and 4 are moored approximately 4½ miles NE of Fort St. George’s flagstaff.

A Racon is situated on the shore almost 2 miles NNE of Fort Saint George. The racon ahead, bearing 257°, leads into the charted approach channel. A directional light is exhibited at night.
Vessels should not approach within 5 cables of the approach channel unless a pilot is on board.
The Dangerous wreck with mast visible of MV Deccan Pioneer lies in position about 9.7 cables SE end of Eastern Breakwater. Another wreck lies S of the outer arm Breakwater light at a distance of 4.8 cables.

Traffic Signals:
Only one vessel may enter or leave harbour at a time. Vessels about to enter the harbour display pendant 4 and when leaving flag ‘N’ of the International Code Signals at the fore-yard arm. These signals are displayed only when the pilot is on board. 
A black ball displayed from the Port Signal Station indicates that a vessel is getting underway to leave harbour. Vessels approaching the port should remain clear of the breakwater head to give sea room to such vessel.
The system of signal in use in the port is given in “Regulations for the Port of Chennai” issued by the Harbour Office.

Pulicat.	(13° 25'N, 80° 19'E) which is visible from seaward is situated on an island about 1 mile inshore at the S end of Pulicat Lake an extensive salt water shallow lagoon.

Pulicat Lighthouse (13° 25'.2N, 80° 19'.7E) is exhibited and a racon (B) transmits, from a hexagonal masonry tower (black and white bands), 50m in height about 7½ miles E of Pulicat town.

Current.	Near Pulicat Shoals the current is weak and sets parallel to the coast.

Krishnapatnam Port.

General Information.One of the India’s largest and fastest growing seaports, Krishnapatnam Port has emerged as a world-class port with outstanding services and facilities. It is fast becoming a port of choice for all international cargo originating from and destined to the Southern and Central India. The port has all weather capability. The port was privatised in 1996 and operated by  Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd (KPCL). The port is developing into a modern deep draught multipurpose all weather port, protected by two breakwaters, handling all kinds of dry bulk and break bulk cargoes.