41 - ANDAMAN SEA

Preparis Island (14°53'N., 93°42'E.), 81m high, narrow, and wooded, slopes gradually to the sea. A shoal spit extends about 3.5 miles S from the S end of this island. Preparis Island has been reported to be a good radar target up to 24 miles and has been reported to be identifiable with charted features by radar up to 22 miles. 

Cow and Calf Islets (14°57'N., 93°43'E.), flat-topped, three in number, and about 23m high, lie close together about 1.8 miles N of Preparis Island. Several coral heads, with depths of 3.7m and less, lie within 1.3 miles of the SE side of Preparis Island. During the SW monsoon, anchorage can be taken off the E side of Preparis Island in depths of 21.9 to 25.6m. During the NE monsoon, anchorage can be taken on the opposite side of the island. 

Preparis South Channel (14°28'N., 93°33'E.), which lies between Preparis Islands and the Coco islands to the S, has depths of 199.4 to 274.3m and a width of 34 miles between the dangers on either side. 

Table Island (14°11'N., 93°23'E.), which is densely wooded on all except its SW side, appears as a flat, level surface with steep-to sides on all bearings. The island has been reported to be a good radar target up to 16 miles.

Slipper Island (14°11'N., 93°22'E.), 34m high and grass covered, lies about 0.2 mile NW of the NW end of Table Island. A detached 11.9m patch lies about 1.3 miles NE of the island, and irregular depths which cause tide rips, extend about 4.5 miles NE from the island. During the NE monsoon, anchorage can be taken about 0.3 mile offshore in Table Bay, on the SW side of Table Island. When anchoring, care is necessary neither to be too close to the reef, nor to far out where the currents are strong. In Table Bay a small, short jetty extends from the shore close S of the lighthouse. 

Marshall Channel (14°10'N., 93°22'E.), which lies between Table Island and Great Coco Island to the S, has depths of 9.1 to 18.3m in the fairway seaward of the fringing reefs. Strong currents set through this channel. 

Great Coco Island (14°06'N., 93°23'E.), densely wooded and steep on its W side, slopes gradually to the sea on its E side. Great Coco Island has been reported to be a good radar target up to 23 miles.

Jerry Island (14°03'N., 93°22'E.), 29.6m high, is connected to the S end of Great Coco Island by a reef. Rocky ground, with uneven depths, extends about 2 miles S from Jerry Island. 

Little Coco Island (14°00'N., 93°14'E.), densely wooded and fairly high, is separated from Great Coco Island and Jerry Island by Alexander Channel. This channel is free of dangers in the fairway, but strong currents and tiderips are encountered. 

Investigator Patch (13°57'N., 93°16'E.), an area of shoal, rocky ground with a least depth of 2.7m, lies about 2 miles ESE of the S end of the island. During E winds, sheltered anchorage can be taken in depths of 16.5 to 21.9m, sand and mud, in Lambert Bay on the W side of the island. The bottom on the E side of the island is rocky and foul. 

Coco Channel (13°47'N., 93°12'E.), which separates Little Coco Island from the Andaman Islands to the S, is wide and deep. The S side of the channel has irregular depths over a coral bottom. 

Landfall Island (13°39'N., 93°02'E.), 79.2m high in its N part, is fringed by a reef which extends up to 0.5 mile offshore in places. Landfall Rocks, 12.8m high, lie on the reef fringing the S end of the island. 

East Island lies 0.8 mile E of Landfall Island. The intervening channel has a least depth 5.5m and provides anchorage to small craft. The anchorage is approached from the S. 

Hickman Shoal (13°42'N., 93°59'E.), which consists of two small patches, lies about 2 miles N of the NW end of Landfall Island. Several patches, with depths of 5 to 10.1m, lie between Hickman Shoal and Landfall Island. Shoals, with depths of less than 9.1m, lie within 2 miles NW of the N end of the island. 

Ranger Reef (13°39'N., 93°07'E.), with a least depth of 1.8m, lies 2 miles E of the N end of East Island. Two 9.1m patches lie within 0.8 mile N of Ranger Reef. 

Jackson Ledge (13°39'N., 93°08'E.), with a least depth of 3.2m, lies about 3.3 miles E of the NE end of East Island and is marked by tide rips. An 11m detached patch lies 3 miles ESE of the ledge. An 8.4m patch lies 2.5 miles NE of the ledge. 

West Coral Bank (13°13'N., 93°31'E.), the northernmost of all the banks, lies between 15 and 23 miles W of North Andaman Island. A least depth of 11m lies on the N part of the bank about 14 miles NW of North Reef Island (13°05'N., 92°43'E.). 

Middle Bank (12°32'N., 92°25'E.) has a least depth of 6.9m, which lies about 38 miles SSW of North Reef Island. 

South Bank (12°16'N., 92°26'E.), about 8 miles in extent, lies about 18 miles SW of Flat Island (12°32'N., 92°41'E.). The central part of the bank has a least depth of 11m. 

Invisible Bank (11°10'N., 93°31'E.), about 37 miles long and 9 miles wide, lies centered about 46 miles E of the Cinque Islands (11°16'N., 92°43'E.). Flat Rock, 27.4m in diameter and awash, lies near the center, which is the shallowest part of the bank. 

North Sentinel Island (11°33'N., 92°14'E.), separated from the Labyrinth Islands by a wide, deep channel. Depths of 42.1 to 95.1m are found in this channel. North Sentinel Island has been reported to be a good radar target up to 13 miles. A dangerous wreck lies about 2.5 miles W of the S part of the island. Anchorage can be taken in a depth of 18.3m, 0.5 mile off the E side of the North Sentinel Island. Sunken dangers exist S of this fair weather anchorage. In fair weather, small vessels with local knowledge can anchor in a depth of 21.9m about 0.5 mile off an entrance through the reef. This anchorage lies about 0.8 mile W of Constance Islet. 

South Sentinel Island (10°58'N., 92°14'E.), 44m high to the tops of the trees and level topped, lies 15 miles NW of Little Andaman Island. Anchorage can be taken off the W side of South Sentinel Island with its center bearing 101°, distant 0.9 mile. Anchorage can also be taken off the E side of the island in similar depths. 

Narcondam Island (13°26'N., 94°17'E.), an extinct volcano 710m high, lies about 74 miles E of the N end of North Andaman Island. Narcondam Island has been reported to be a good radar target up to 27 miles. 

Barren Island (12°16'N., 93°51'E.), 353m high with densely wooded cliffs rising sheer from the sea, lies about 72 miles SSW of Narcondam Island. A light is shown from a white metal tower on the NW end of the island. Barren Island has been reported to be a good radar target up to 24 miles. Anchorage can be taken in a depth of 27.4m about 0.2 miles off a beach on the SW side of the island. The currents were reported to set SE at a rate of 2.5 knots at half tide at this anchorage. 

Cleugh Passage (13°36'N., 93°02'E.)

Cape Price (13°35'N., 93°02'E.), the N end of North Andaman Island, is densely wooded and slopes gradually to the sea. Cleugh Passage, which separates Landfall and East Islands from North Andaman Island, is available to vessels with local knowledge. Passage through it is not recommended because of the strong currents and lack of navigational aids. 

Cleugh Rocks (13°37'N., 92°58'E.), about 1.5 miles SSW of the SW end of Landfall Island, lie on a reef, the W part of which dries 1.8m. 

Passage Rock (13°36'N., 93°00'E.) awash, steep-to and marked by breakers, lies about 0.5 mile SE of Cleugh Rocks and almost in mid-channel. A shoal, with depths of 4.6 to 8.2m, lies 1 mile W of Wedge Rock. 

One Fathom Patch (13°36'N., 93°02'E.), which breaks in heavy weather, has a least depth of 1.8m and lies 0.6 mile N of Cape Price. Depths of 6.4 to 11.9m lie between this danger and Cape Price. A 5m patch lies about 0.5 mile W of the Cape. 

West Island (13°36'N., 93°54'E.), 53m high, reef-fringed, and densely wooded, lies in the W approach to Cleugh Passage about 3.5 miles NNW of Cape Thornhill. Depths of less than 9.1m lie up to 0.5 mile off the island. Several patches, with depths of 7.3 to 8.7m lie between West Island and Wedge Rock. 

West Coast of North Andaman Island

Between Cape Thornhill (13°32'N., 92°56'E.) and Shark Islet, about 22 miles SSW, the coast is backed some distance inland by many conspicuous summits. 

Thornhill Island (13°32'N., 92°55'E.), 77m high, is separated from Cape Thornhill by a narrow, shallow channel. 

White Cliff Island (13°32'N., 92°53'E.), 33m high, lies 1.5 miles W of Thornhill Island. Cliffs, 20m high and dark colored, back the N end of the island. 

Reef Island (13°30'N., 92°53'E.) is 5.5m high to the tops of the trees. Shoal ground, as defined by the 6m curve, extends almost 1 mile WSW from the SW point of the island. Irregular depths of less than 18.3m lie up to 1.3 miles farther WSW. 

Temple Sound (13°25'N., 92°51'E.) lies between Shearme Island on the E, and Paget and Point Islands on the N and W..Shearme Island is 57m high and, except in the narrow channel separating it from the mainland to the E, is fringed by a drying reef. 

Paget Island (13°26'N., 92°50'E.), about 0.8 mile NW of the NW end of Shearme Island, is 76m high to the tops of the trees and fringed by a drying reef on all except part of its E side. 

Point Island (13°24'N., 92°50'E.), about 0.5 mile SW of Paget Island, is tree-covered. A least depth of 6.4m exists in the fairway of the channel separating Paget and Point Islands. Anchorage, sheltered from all except SW winds, can be taken in depths of 18.3 to 21.9m, mud and sand, in the middle of the sound about midway between Shearme and Point Islands. Small vessels can anchor in a depth of 14.6m, about 0.3 mile W of Oldham Rocks. The coast between Point Stuart (13°22'N., 92°51'E.) and the W entrance of Austin Strait, about 29 miles to the S, is very irregular and fronted by numerous islets, rocks and shoals. 

Mackey Bank (13°20'N., 92°46'E.), with a least depth of 7.3m, lies about 6 miles SW of Point Island. Vessels should give this bank a wide berth when passing. 

Shark Island (13°12'N., 92°46'E.), about 12.3 miles SSW of the same island, is sandy and covered with bushes about 6.1m high. A rocky reef surrounds this island. Vessels should give this island a wide berth when passing. 

North Reef Island (13°05'N., 92°43'E.), low, flat, wooded and marshy, lies 6.5 miles SSW of Shark Island. A reef extends about 2 miles S from the S end of the island. 

Latouche Island (13°05'N., 92°43'E.), lies close off the NE point of North Reef Island. A spit extends about 0.3 mile S from Latouche Island. A 3.7m patch lies about 1.5 miles SE of the E end of North Reef Island. 

Interview Island (12°55'N., 92°42'E.) lies 4.5 miles S of the S end of North Reef Island. The island is low at its N end, but rises gradually to a height of 113m. Foul ground extends about 2 miles NNE from the island. A light is shown from the W side of the island. 

South Reef Island (12°47'N., 92°40'E.) lies about 1 mile SW of Interview Island on a stony spit, as defined by the 6m curve, that extends about 3 miles S from that island. Vessels with local knowledge can anchor in depths of 11.8 to 16.4m about 2 miles E of the S end of North Reef Island. Care should be taken to avoid the shoal patches, which lie 1.5 and 2 miles ENE of the S end of the island. 

Austin Strait (12°53'N., 92°50'E.), which separates North Andaman Island from Middle Andaman Island, is shoal and can only be used by boats. The W entrance, which lies about 8.5 miles SE of the N end of Interview Island, is approached through Interview Sound which lies between the N part of Interview Island and the mainland. Numerous islands, rocks, and shoals lie in the sound. 

White Mountain (12°51'N., 92°55'E.), 361m high, lies at the N end of the E coastal range of Middle Andaman Island, about 7 miles ESE of the W entrance of Austin Strait. The W coast of the island, between Tuft Island about 6 miles SSE of the S end of Interview Island, and the W entrance of Andaman Strait, is bold and precipitous. Tuft Island is sandy and about 3m high. 

Port Andaman (12°44'N., 92°42'E.), of little commercial importance, lies between South Reef Island and Anderson Island. This latter island lies close to and parallel with Middle Andaman Island. The water at the entrance is muddy and irregular depths exist over a rocky bottom. Port Andaman leads N to Interview Passage, which lies between Interview Island to the W and Anderson and Bennett Islands to the E. This area is dangerous and should be avoided. Rocky Point, the extremity of a promontory, lies about 4.5 miles SSW of Tuft Island. Hump Island lies about 3 miles S of Tuft Island and Flat Island lies about 6 miles farther S. A shoal, with a least depth of 11m, lies 2.5 miles W of Rocky Point. 

West Entrance of Andaman Strait

The W entrance of Andaman Strait, which separates Middle Andaman from South Andaman, is divided into two channels by Spike Island. Fairly deep water exists in the outer part of the main entrance which lies N of the latter island. The channel is entered between the W entrance point of Foul Bay and Breaker Point, the NW end of Spike Island. The channel abreast Foul Bay is about 0.4 mile wide between the shoals on either side, but narrows to a width of 0.2 mile between the reef, extending from Steep Point, the NE end of Spike Island and Brook Point to the N. The S part of the W entrance of Andaman Strait, between Spike Island and the N end of South Andaman Island, about 0.3 mile SW, is fairly deep. This narrow, intricate channel is considered to be dangerous. 

Foul Bay (12°19'N., 92°42'E.), on the N side of the main entrance of Andaman Strait, is fouled by reefs. The coast between this bay and Brooke Point, about 1.8 miles SSE, is fringed by a reef, which extends about 0.3 mile offshore in places. Foul ground extends almost 1 mile S from the W point of Foul Bay. A rock, with a depth of less than 1.8m, lies near the S end of this reef. 

Spike Island (12°16'N., 92°43'E.), whose N side forms the S side of the entrance channel, is 136m high at its N end and 94m high at its S end. A narrow reef fringes the N coast of the island between Breaker Point and Steep Point. 

Taylor Patches (12°16'N., 92°42'E.), which have a least depth of 8.5m, lie about 1.5 miles SW of Breaker Point. A shoal area, with a least depth of 7.3m, lies 0.5 miles W of Long Rock. 

Bluff Island (12°15'N., 92°42'E.), 30m high to the tops of the trees, lies in the mouth of the S entrance channel, close N of the N end of South Andaman Island. A drying reef extends 0.3 mile W and 0.5 mile N from Bluff Island. 

Port Anson (12°16'N., 92°44'E.) Port Anson lies between Spike Island to the W, and Stoat, Mangrove, and Tala Kaicha Islands to the E. Depths of 12.8 to 20m exist in the central part of the bay. All of the above islands are reef-fringed. 

Whales Reef (12°15'N., 92°44'E.) lies about 0.8 mile NW of the S end of Tala Kaichi Island. Two small reefs lie S of this reef. Anchorage can be taken in the N part of Port Anson in depths of 16.5 to 18.3m, mud, about midway between Stoat Island and the N part of Spike Island. 

Andaman Strait. Vessels drawing 4m have navigated the strait. Small vessels with local knowledge should only attempt the passage during daylight hours, under favorable conditions. 

Cape Bluff (12°12'N., 92°40'E.) the NW end of South Andaman Island, is fronted by dangers which extend about 1 mile offshore. 

Port Campbell (11°57'N., 92°35'E.), almost landlocked and well-sheltered, is entered between Petrie Island and Montgomery Island, about 1.8 miles SSW. 

Petrie Island (11°58'N., 92°37'E.), which lies on the N side of the entrance, is joined to the N extremity of Defence Island by reefs and shoals. This latter island forms part of the E side of the port. An area of shoal ground extends 0.5 mile S from Petrie Island and a similar shoal, with some rocks awash, extends about 1 mile W from the middle part of Defence Island. 

Montgomery Island (11°56'N., 92°35'E.), on the S side of the entrance, is joined to the mainland by foul ground. The E side of this island is fringed by foul ground. Vessels can anchor in the entrance in a depth of 21.9m, about 0.8 mile NE of Montgomery Island. Anchorage can be taken in a depth of 23.8m a little over 1 mile SE of the same island. The coast between Montgomery Island and Palmer Point, about 15 miles to the S, has not been closely examined. A reef fringes this section of coast and an area of shoal ground extends up to 2.5 miles S from Palmer Point. A 5.5m patch lies near the S end of this shoal ground.

Constance Bay (11°42'N., 92°36'E.), entered between Palmer Point and Florence Point, about 2 miles to the SE, is foul and has not been closely examined. 

Port Mouat (11°37'N., 92°38'E.), entered between Perseus Point and Andromeda Point about 0.8 mile S, extends about 1.5 miles E through a narrow channel to a landlocked basin. The entrance channel between the extending reefs on either side is about 0.3 mile wide, but about 1 mile to the E the channel narrows to a width of only about 91m. Small fishing vessels with local knowledge frequently use the port as an anchorage.

Labyrinth Islands (11°35'N., 92°34'E.) 

The Labyrinth Islands, consisting of 14 islands and islets, lie off the SW side of South Andaman Island. All of these islands are rocky and fringed by reefs, which extend up to 1 mile offshore along their seaward faces. 

Tarmugli Island (11°35'N., 92°34'E.), the NW island of the group, is 78m high and lies with Frederick Point, its NW end, about 4.5 miles WSW of Perseus Point. A large area of foul ground extends up to 2.5 miles N from the reef, which fringes the N coast of the island. A 5.5m patch was reported to lie about 2.5 miles NE of Frederick Point. 

Boat Island (11°31'N., 92°34'E.), 27m high, lies on an area of foul ground about 1.8 miles SE of the SW end of Tarmugli Island. 

Malay Island (11°32'N., 92°37'E.), the SE island of the group, lies 2.3 miles E of Boat Island. A rounded summit, 68m high, rises at its N end. A rocky ledge extends 0.3 mile from the S point of the island. 

Hobday Island (11°32'N., 92°37'E.), which lies close NE of Malay Island, has a rocky ledge extending 0.5 mile S from its SE side. A ridge, with depths of 6.4 to 8.2m, extends 0.5 mile farther S. 

Redskin Island (11°33'N., 92°36'E.) lies close NW of Malay Island. It has been reported that Elphinstone Passage, which leads between the W side of Redskin Island and Snob Island, 46m high, is used by local fishing craft proceeding to Port Mouat. Snob Island is 75m high and lies W of Redskin Island. 

Pluto Island (11°33'N., 92°38'E.), small, rounded, and 49m high, lies close E of Hobday Island. A rock, 0.6m high and said to be a useful mark at all stages of the tide, lies 0.5 mile SSE of Pluto Island. 

Jolly Boys Island (11°30'N., 92°37'E.), 45m high, lies 0.8 mile NW of Rutland Island. A reef, which is usually visible, fringes the island and extends about 0.8 mile SW from it. 

Grub Island (11°35'N., 92°36'E.), 24m high with a yellow cliff on it, lies 1.5 miles E of Tarmugli Island. 

Macpherson Strait (11°30'N., 92°36'E.) separates South Andaman Island and the Labyrinth Islands from Rutland Island. The recommended channel has a least depth of 7.3m and a least navigable width of 0.2 mile. The Wentrance is narrow and obstructed by reefs as are both shores of the strait. The channel between Malay Island and Jolly Boys Island, which leads from Macpherson Strait to Elphinstone Passage, is navigable by small vessels with local knowledge under favorable conditions. 

Peck Shoals (11°32'N., 92°38'E.), a group of coral heads on the N side of the channel, lie 1.3 miles NNE of the NE end of Jolly Boys Island. Vessels can anchor in depths of 11 to 18.3m. 

Rutland Island (11°25'N., 92°39'E.), the southernmost most of the Andaman Islands, consists of two parts joined together by a low neck of land. Mount Ford, 433m high, lies in the N part of the island and Mount Mayo, 227m high, lies in the S part. 

Woodmason Bay (11°25'N., 92°37'E.), which indents the W coast of the island, lies with its S part abreast the low neck of land. Depths in the central part of the bay, seaward of the fringing reefs, range from 14.6 to 29.3m. 

Investigator Rock (11°20'N., 92°37'E.), with a least depth of 5.5m and marked by rips, lies about 1 mile SSW of the S extremity of Rutland Island. A rocky shoal, with a least depth of 8.2m, lies about 0.3 mile NNE of this rock. 



East Side of North Andaman Island

Cape Price, the NE point of North Andaman Island, has been previously described. The coast between the cape and the entrance of Gibb Creek, about 7 miles to the S, is fronted by several rocky patches. Vessels should keep at least 2.5 miles off this coast when passing. 

Union Ledge (13°32'N., 93°11'E.), almost awash, lies about 6.5 miles ESE of Pocock Island. It lies near the S extremity of an extensive bank on which the irregular depths are less than 36.6m. 

Pocock Island (13°34'N., 93°04'E.), 55m high and wooded, lies about 1.8 miles SSE of Cape Price. A drying rock lies 0.3 mile farther S. A shoal, with a least depth of 5.5m, lies about 4 miles S of Pocock Island. 

Beauchamp Reef (13°27'N., 93°04'E.), awash, lies almost 1 mile offshore about 6.5 miles S of Pocock Island. 

Cadell Bay (13°26'N., 93°04'E.), entered between the S entrance point of Gibb Creek and Colvin Point about 2.8 miles SE, provides anchorage during the SW monsoon in depths of 11 to 12.8m, mud, in the middle of the bay. 

Bond Harbor (13°24'N., 93°04'E.), entered about 1 mile SSE of Colvin Point, provides anchorage to small craft in depths of 12.8 to 14.6m, mud and sand. 

Table Islands (13°25'N., 93°07'E.) consist of Excelsior and Delgarno Islands, both tree-covered, which lie at the N and SW ends, respectively of an extensive shoal on which the depths are less than 5.5m. Excelsior Island, 29m high, lies about 1.5 miles E of the coast and is fringed by a reef which extends about 0.3 mile from its NE side. 

Delgarno Island (13°25'N., 93°06'E.), about 61m high, lies 0.8 mile SSW of Excelsior Island and has a clear sandy beach on its NW side and mangroves on its E and S sides. Both islands are fairly steep-to on their W sides, but foul ground extends about 1 mile SE from 

Smith Island (13°20'N., 93°05'E.), 131m high, has a conspicuous tree on its summit. Mangrove Point, the E end of the island, is fronted by a drying reef that extends about 0.2 mile offshore. A 10.1m patch lies about 0.8 mile S of the point. Temple Island, which forms the S entrance point of Thoroughfare Creek, lies 0.5 mile NE of the N end of Smith Island. 

Turtle Islands (13°22'N., 93°05'E.), two wooded islands about 46m high, lie 1.8 miles NNW of Mangrove Point. Turtle Reef, with a 1.2m high sandbank in its middle, lies 0.5 mile N of the islands. The channel between the Turtle Islands and Smith Island is clear with a fairway depth of not less than 20.1m. 

Port Cornwallis (13°17'N., 93°05'E.)  Port Cornwallis is entered between Ross Island and Dundas Point, about 1.8 miles SSW. Ross Island, 82.6m high, is connected to Smith Island by a sandy spit and is almost entirely surrounded by a drying reef. Dundas Point, sharp and rocky, is fronted by a drying reef, which extends about 0.2m NNE from its extremity. There are considerable depths in the entrance and within the harbor. Shoal ground, as defined by the 10m curve, extends almost 0.5 mile E, and a little over 0.3 mile S from Ross Island. 

Atalanta Bay (13°16'N., 93°04'E.) is entered between Dundas Point and Barkely Point, about 1.3 miles WNW. Ariel Bay is shallow and lies about 1.3 miles W of Barkely Point. An L-shaped jetty extends 0.2m N, then NE from Kopi Point, the E entrance point of the bay. 

Chatham Island (13°19'N., 93°02'E.), 61m high near its S end and 58m high near its N end, lies about 1 mile W of Perseverence Point. 

Stewart Sound (12°54'N., 93°00'E.), which contains several bays and inlets within its limits, lies within Sound Island between Cadell Point and Cape Vestal, about 11 miles SSW. Stewart Sound is of great extent and contains the principal port of North Andaman Island. Several lumber camps and settlements are found around the shores of the sound. 

Austin Strait (12°54'N., 92°53'E.), which separates North and Middle Andaman Islands, has its E entrance at the head of a shallow bay on the S side of Stewart Sound. During the strength of the SW monsoon, the SW current is very weak but the NE current attains a rate of 2 knots. 

Sound Island (12°58'N, 92°59'E.) is an irregular-shaped island lying in the entrance of Stewart Sound. Above and below-water rocks extend about 0.5 mile NE from Simpson Point, the NE end of the island. Mitchell Point, the SE extremity of the island, is fringed by a drying reef that extends 0.3 mile SSW from it. The N entrance of the sound lies between Cadell Point and Simpson Point. Elphin Patch, which lies near the middle of the entrance, has a depth of less than 1.8m near its center. 

Oliver Island (13°00'N., 93°00'E.), 59m high, lies 1 mile W of Simpson Point. There are considerable depths in the channel between it and Sound Island. 

Sunk Reef (13°00'N., 92°59'E.), which dries 0.6m and which has a 5.5m patch on its NW side, lies 0.8 mile NW of Oliver Island. A group of drying rocks lie about 1 mile W of Oliver Island. 

Oyster Island (12°59'N., 92°59'E.), 1.2m high, lies 0.8 mile WSW of Oliver Island.

Stewart Island (13°01'N., 92°56'E.), which lies in a shallow bay on the NW side of the sound, is covered with jungle growth. A drying mudbank joins the NW side of the island with North Andaman Island. 

Aves Island (12°55'N., 92°57'E.), 63m high and conspicuous, lies about 2 miles SW of Sound Island. A drying reef connects the island to Aves Point to the WSW. 

Takla Oyster Point (12°55'N., 92°55'E.), about 1.5 miles WNW of Aves Point, is the N end of a promontory which forms the E side of a shallow bay. The E entrance of Austin Strait lies at the head of this bay. A shoal, with a least depth of 3.2m, lies almost 0.5 mile E of Takla Oyster Point. 

Berkeley Island Group (12°56'N., 92°54'E.) consists of Orchid, Curlew, Egg and Dottrel Islands, which lie in the approach to Bacon Bay to the W and NW of Takla Oyster Point. All except Dottrel Island are identifiable from abeam of Square Rock. 

Bacon Bay (12°57'N, 92°54'E.) is entered between Brown Point and Orchid Island, about 0.3 miles WSW. The bay is well sheltered from all winds and its E part is clear of all dangers up to within 0.2 mile of the shore. Anchorage can be taken in suitable depths in any part of Steward Sound. Anchorage can be taken in Bacon Bay in all seasons. Anchorage can be taken in depths of 14.6 to 16.5m, almost 1 mile N of Oliver Island and in the channel between Sound Island and North Andaman Island, about 2 miles N of Jones Point. These anchorages are partially open to the NE. 

Mayabunder Settlement (12°56'N, 92°55'E.) lies on the NW side of Takla Oyster Point. The local district administrator resides in a conspicuous white house with a red roof on the NE side of the point. A short wooden jetty, with a depth of 2.4m alongside its head, extends from the NW side of Takla Oyster Point. 

East Coasts of Middle Andaman Island and Baratang Island

The coast between Cape Vestal and Cape Strachan, about 9 miles SSE, is high and clear of off-lying dangers. The latter projection forms the N entrance point of Cuthbert Bay. Mount Diavolo, 512m high, lies about 3.5 miles W of the same point. 

Rangat Bay (12°29'N., 92°58'E.) is entered between Coxon Point and Johns Point, about 0.8 mile to the S. Both points are bold and bluffy. Anchorage can be taken in depths of 6.4 to 9.1m, midway between the entrance points of Rangat Bay. Local knowledge is required because the depths shoal rapidly within the entrance points. Between Johns Point and a 117m promontory on Baratang Island, about 17 miles SSW, the coast is bordered by numerous islands and dangers and indented by many bays. 

Long Island (12°24'N., 92°57'E.) densely wooded and fringed by shoal ground, lies about 2.5 miles SSW of Johns Point. The islands are separated from each other, and from Middle Andaman and Baratang Islands, by fairly narrow, shoal channels.  Small vessels with local knowledge can find shelter in some of these bays. 

Guitar Island (12°21'N., 92°55'E.) lies about 0.8 mile SSW of Long Island and is joined to Middle Andaman Island by a shallow flat. Cape Dalrymple forms the S end of an islet, 75m high, which lies close S of Guitar Island. A shoal, with a least depth of 2.7m, lies about 0.8 mile SSE of Cape Dalrymple.
 
Nancowry Ledge (12°20'N., 92°56'E.), which has depths of less than 1.8m, lies about 1.3 miles E of Cape Dalrymple. 

Campbell Shoal (12°25'N., 93°04'E.) lies about 6 miles SE of the N end of Long Island and has a least depth of 5.5m, rock. It lies on the E side of an irregular bank about 2.8 miles long and 1.3 miles wide, which has depths, which range 16.5 to 36.6m. 

Headlam Patch (12°24'N., 92°59'E.), with a least depth of 3.7m, lies about 2.5 miles SSE of the N end of Long Island. Depths of 5.5 to 16.5m surround this danger. A detached shoal, about 1 mile in extend, lies with its shallowest depth of 3.7m, about 6.3 miles ESE of Cape Smith. 

North Passage Island (12°16'N., 92°56'E.), irregular in shape, high, and wooded, lies 3 miles S of Long Island. Cape Portman is the NE extremity of the island. The E side of the island is fronted by dangerous foul ground which extends up to 2 miles offshore. 

Strait Island (12°13'N., 92°56'E.) lies about 0.8 mile SSE of North Passage Island. The intervening passage between the two is foul. Reefs fringe the N and E sides of Strait Island. Shoals and foul ground, with depths of less than 1.6m, extend up to 1.3 miles E of the island. A light is shown on the W side and at the S end of Strait Island close N of Cross Point. 

Colebrooke Island (12°14'N., 92°54'E.), of irregular shape and densely wooded, lies close W of the SW part of North Passage Island. A channel, with depths of 6.4 to 36.6m, leads between Long Island and Guitar Island to the jetties on the SW side of the former island. 

Homfray Strait (12°15'N., 92°52'E.), an intricate, rocky channel connecting Elphinstone Harbor with Port Anson, separates Middle Andaman Island from Baratang Islands. The channel between North Passage Island and Strait Island is shallow and foul. The channel between North Passage Island and Colebrooke Island is about 0.5 mile wide and has depths of 5.5 to 18.3m. Small vessels with local knowledge can use this passage, which is obstructed in places by reefs and shoals. 

Colebrooke Passage (12°13'N., 92°53'E.) is 0.2 mile wide with depths of 7.3 to 18.3m. Its N part is shallow. Anchorage can be taken in a depth of 23.8m, good holding ground, about 10.3 miles W of Cross Point. Well sheltered anchorage with good holding ground can be taken in a depth of 15.5m near the S end of Colebrooke Passage. Anchorage can be taken in Rogolochang Bay (12°09'N., 92°50'E.) in depths of 7.3 to 9.1m, about 4 miles SSW of the S entrance of Colebrooke Passage. A wooden jetty, with reported depths of 2.4 to 3m alongside, extends from the shore about 0.4 mile N of the camp. A trolley connects the two. 

Elphistone Harbour (12°18'N., 92°54'E.), which is formed by the N part of the channel which separates North Passage Island from the E side of Baratang Island, is entered between Cape Dalrymple and Cape Portman, about 1.8 miles SE. Depths in the entrance range from 7.9 to 25.6m, decreasing gradually to depths of 6.1 to 18.3m within the harbour. 

Mills Passage (12°15'N., 92°55'E.), between the S part of North Passage Island and Colebrooke Island, has a least width of 0.5 mile and depths of 5.5 to 18.3m. Numerous shoals and reefs obstruct the passage, which can only be used by small craft with local knowledge. Anchorage can be taken in a depth of 18.3m, good holding ground, off the coast of North Passage Island. 

Diligent Strait (12°10'N., 92°57'E.) lies between North Button, Middle Button, and the Strait Islands to the NW, and Outram, South Button, and the Wilson Islands to the SE. Depths in the fairway of the strait range from 8.5 to 53m. The shallowest depth of 8.5 lies about 1.8 miles E of the S end of Strait Island and a 9.8m patch lies about 0.5 mile farther E. 

North Button Island (12°19'N., 93°05'E.), 48m high and reef-fringed, lies 7.5 miles E of the NE end of North Passage Island. Shoals, as defined by the 10m curve, extend about 1 mile E and 0.3 mile W from the island. The E and W ends of the island should be given a wide berth when passing. A light is shown on the NW side of North Button Island. Small vessels with local knowledge can take Anchorage close off the reef on the S side of the island.

Middle Button Island (12°17'N., 93°02'E.), 50m high, lies about 3 miles SW of North Button Island. A rocky ridge and shoal ground extends about the same distance SW from the island. A light is shown on the NE side of Middle Button Island. Small vessels with local knowledge can anchor S of Middle Button Island clear of the shoals. Outram Island, 3.5 miles S of North Button Island, will be described under Ritchies Archipelago. 

South Button Island (12°13'N., 93°02'E.), about 3 miles S of Middle Button Island, is 36m high and formed of large rocks, steep-to on all sides. A light is shown from South Button Island. 

Ritchies Archipelago (12°03'N., 93°02'E.) consists of ten islands lying between the parallels of 12°16'N. and 11°47'N, with the N end of the group being separated from Baratang Island by Diligence Strait. All of the islands are heavily wooded. 

Outram Island (12°15'N., 93°06'E.), the N island of the group, is reef-fringed on all except its W side and contains Outram Harbor in a deep indentation along its N coast. Shoal ground extends 0.8 mile NE from this point, and 0.6 mile NNE from East Point, the E entrance point of the harbor. Outram Harbor (12°15'N., 93°06'E.) provides good shelter from S winds. Small vessels with local knowledge can anchor in depths of 18.3m near the middle of the harbor, with the N end of Middle Button Island in line bearing 290° with West Point. 

Ritchies Archipelago NW Side. Charka Juru, the strait separating Outram Island from Henry Lawrence Island to the S, has considerable depths throughout its length. Shoal ground extends about 0.8 mile S from South Point, the S end of Outram Island. Once this shoal has been cleared,  mid-channel course will lead through the strait. 

Kwangtung Strait (12°06'N., 93°04'E.), the channel between Henry Lawrence Island and John Lawrence Island, has considerable depths in the fairway. Wilson Island (12°08'N., 92°59'E.) lies W of the N part of John Lawrence Island and is separated from it by a narrow channel. Round Hill, which rises about 1 mile within the NW point of Wilson Island, is 216m high. 

Nicholson Island (12°06'N., 92°58'E.), separated from Wilson Island by a channel about 1 mile wide, rises to a height of 97m in its N part. A reef extends about 0.3 mile S from the S end of the island. A shoal, with a depth of 3.2m, lies close S of this reef.

Sir William Peel Island (12°05'N., 93°00'E.), low and bordered by dense mangroves, lies 0.5 mile E of Nicholson Island. The intervening channel is available only to small craft with local knowledge. There is an L-shaped jetty, with a dolphin close SE of its head, situated at Jetty Point, the NE extremity of the island; there is a depth of 5.2m at its head. 

Tadma Juru (12°03'N., 92°59'E.), narrow and deep, separates Sir William Peel Island from Havelock Island to the S. 

Inglis Island (12°08'N., 93°07'E.) lies about 0.8 mile E of the wooded islet and is fringed by a drying reef on all except its NW side. This reef extends up to 0.5 mile off the NE coast where it terminates in two rocks, each about 1.2m high. Small portions of the N and S points of the island have been detached by the action of the sea and appear as islets at high tide.

Inglis Shoals (12°06'N., 93°08'E.), two detached coral patches with depths of 6.9m and 8.7m, lie about 0.8 mile S and 1.8 miles SSE of the S end of Inglis Island. During NE winds, sheltered anchorage can be taken in a depth of 12.8m off a sandy bay, close NW of Wreck Point, the S extremity of Henry Lawrence Island. 

Tadma Bay (12°03'N., 93°02'E.) lies W of Runnymeade Point, the S end of John Lawrence Island, and between it and Sir William Peel Island. It forms the S entrance of Paranga Juru, a narrow channel separating the two islands. It also forms the E entrance of Tadma Juru, which has been previously described. 

Pilot Reef (12°01'N., 93°02'E.), about 1 mile S of Runnnymeade Point, has a least depth of 2.7m. Anchorage can be taken in Tadma Bay, sheltered from all except S winds. Vessels approaching Tadma Bay from the Sing the W extremity of Sir Hugh Rose Island bearing 173°, and just open E of the E extremity of Neill Island. 

Minerva Ledge (12°04'N., 93°09'E.), a detached rocky ledge with a least depth of 6.9m, lies about 4.5 miles ESE of Wreck Point. 

Vibart Shoal (11°59'N., 93°08'E.), narrow and steep-to on its E side, lies centered about 6.3 miles SE of Runnymeade Point. Depths over this shoal range from 16.4 to 18.3m.

Nancowry Strait (11°52'N., 93°03'E.), between Havelock Island and Neill Island to the S, has depths of 18.2m in the fairway. A small coral patch, with a least depth of 12.8m, lies in the W part of the strait about 0.8 mile N of the NW end of Neill Island. Vessels should pass N of this danger. 

Neill Island (11°50'N., 93°03'E.) rises to a height of 101m at Nipple Hill, the conspicuous NE end of the island. A reef extends up to 0.5 mile off the S end of the island and is usually marked by heavily breaking seas. 

Sir Hugh Rose Island (11°47'N., 93°05'E.), the S island of the Ritches Archipelago group, lies about 2 miles SE of Neill Island and is densely wooded. The island has been reported to be a good radar target up to 14 miles. Vessels are advised not to use this channel because the bottom is very uneven. 

Andaman Strait (12°04'N., 92°47'E.), referring to the E entrance of that strait, lies between North Point, a 76m promontory forming the SE extremity of Baratang Island, and South Point, the NE extremity of South Andaman Island, about 2 mil. A small isolated, rocky ledge topped by a 4m high prominent rock on it, lies about 0.5 mile SE of the 76m promontory. A detached shoal, with a least depth of 2.7m, lies about 0.5 mile S of the promontory. 

Oral Kaicha (12°11'N., 92°46'E.), a small island which lies about midway between the E and W entrance of the strait, can be passed on either side but the E side is preferred. Anchorage can be taken in depths of 16.5 to 18.3m, mud, about 1.3 miles NNE of South Point. A drying reef that extends almost 0.3 mile offshore fringes the coast between South Point and Wedge Point. 

Smythe Rock (12°03'N., 92°48'E.), the outermost danger off this section of coast, lies about 1 mile E of South Point and has a least depth of 3.2m. A shoal, with a least depth of 1.2m, lies midway between this rock and the point

Port Meadows (12°01'N., 92°46'E.) is entered between Wedge Point and Cape Persain, a little over 1 mile SW. Cape Persain is the NE extremity of a fairly high hill which lies on a promontory separated from the coast by mangroves. 

Duncan Island (12°01'N., 92°47'E.), 90m high and densely wooded, is connected to the shore W of Wedge Point by a drying shoal. The E and S sides of Duncan Island are fringed by above-water and sunken rocks, which extend up to 183m offshore. A two-pronged pinnacle rock, with a least depth of 5m, lies on the S side of the approach to Port Meadows about 0.7 mile SE of the summit of Duncan Island. A dangerous wreck, marked by a buoy, lies on this rock. Anchorage can be taken in depths of 16.5 to 18.3m, about 0.2 mile W of the W point of Duncan Island. Anchorage can also be taken in a depth of 14.6m in the center of the SW part of the harbor, about 0.6 mile W of Cape Persain. 

Kotara Anchorage (11°59'N., 92°45'E.) lies between Kotara Point and the N side of Kyd Island, about 0.8 mile to the S. Anchorage can be taken in depths of 6.4 to 7.3m, mud, about 0.5 mile SW of Kotara Point. Small vessels with local knowledge can anchor in depths of 7.3 to 8.2m, mud, in the outer part of an inlet about 1.5 miles W of Kotara Point. 

Shoal Bay (11°56'N., 92°47'E.) entered between the SE side of Kyd Island and Cape Masy, about 1.5 miles to the SE, is shoal over most of its area. 

Port Blair (11°41'N., 92°45'E.)
Port Blair is entered between North Point and South Point, about 2.3 miles to the S. The port consists of an inlet 4
miles long which is entered through two channels, one on each side of Ross Island. The port is divided into an exposed outer harbor and a landlocked inner harbor. The port is the headquarters for the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The principal administrative offices lie at the village of Aberdeen on the S side of the harbor about 1 mile WNW of South Point. The port officer also resides at Aberdeen. Port Blair is the site of an Indian Naval Base, but has little commercial importance.

Port Blair Port Control may be contacted on VHF channels 10, 12, and 16 for port instructions.

Winds-Weather.-Port Blair has a mean temperature of 28°C. Storm signals are displayed at the light station on Ross Island. The General System is in use.

Tides-Currents.-The currents in Port Blair are weak and are affected by the prevailing winds. The rates rarely exceed 1 knot. During the NE monsoon, the current sets S and during the SW monsoon it sets between N and E. Heavy seas and swells occur in the outer harbor during the NE monsoon. The inner harbor is well-sheltered and experiences no sea or swell. The mean range of the tide is 1.4m and the spring range is 2m. 

Depths-Limitations.-Considerable depths exist in the N entrance channel between North Point and Ross Island. A 5.2m shoal lies in this channel about 0.4 mile ESE of Atalanta Point.

Depths of over 18.3m exist in the outer harbor and depths of 5.5 to 27.4m exist in the inner harbor.

Depths at the anchorages range from 12.8 to 16.5m. Depths alongside the berths range from 2.1 to 5.8m. An Examination anchorage area is shown on the chart.

Pilotage.-Pilotage is compulsory for vessels over 200 grt. The pilot boards 0.8 mile N of Ross Island.

Regulations.-Vessels should send an ETA message 24 hours is advance, stating:
1. Vessel name.
2. Port of departure.
3. Destination.
4. ETA.
5. Length, beam, maximum draft, and grt.
6. Speed.
7. Number of people on board suffering from dangerous
or contagious diseases, if any.
8. Type and quantity of cargo.
9. Agent's name and requirements, if any.

Caution.-A submarine exercise area is situated 35 miles SSE of Port Blair. A good lookout should be exercised in this vicinity.
Ross Island (11°40'.5N., 92°46'E.) divides the entrance of Port Blair into a N and S channel. The island is roughly
triangular in shape and lies about 0.4 mile NE of South Point. The former residence of the Chief Commissioner lies at an elevation of 45m on the highest part of the island about 1.5 miles SSE of North Point. A dark stone building with
battlements, about 17m high, lies on the N end of the island. 

A reef fringes the island on all except a small part of its W side. A shoal as defined by the 6m curve, extends about 0.3
mile NW from the NW end of the island.

Storm signals are displayed from the lighthouse on the NE corner of the dark stone building mentioned above.

The following objects on the S side of the outer part of the harbor are conspicuous: the mast and tower on Atalanta Point; a temple 0.8 mile S of Atalanta Point; Mount Haughton, 154m high, about 1.5 miles S of the same point; and Flagstaff Hill Tree, with an elevation of 122m, a little over 1 mile SSW of the same point.

North Shore-Port Blair.-North Point (11°42'N., 92°46'E.) is bordered by shoal ground, as defined by the 10m curve,
which extends almost 0.3 mile S from it.

North Bay, entered between North Point and Perseverence Point, almost 1 mile SW, extends about 1 mile inland and is
bordered on its W and N side by foul ground. Mount Harriet, about 1.8 miles NW of North Point rises steeply to a height of 364m. Some buildings lie close to its summit.

Semiramis Bay (11°41'.7 N., 92°44'E.), small and deep, is entered between Lime Kilns Pier and Command Point, almost 1 mile WNW. A pier extends from the head of the bay.  Command Point is 4.3m high, and a light shows from a white concrete tower, 6m high, on the point. A beacon lies 91m SE of the light.
 
Command Bay lies on the W side of Command Point. The settlement of Hope Town lies at the head of the bay.The High Tension Electric towers in the waterfront at Ranger Flat West of Command Bay laid (TR1 11°41'31".81642N:92°42'13".67422E, TR2 11°41'40".68038N:92°42'19".06156E; TR3 11°41'49".57939N:92°42'24".19070E)
 
In 1982, it was reported that plans were made to construct a 180m long wharf at Hope Town to accommodate vessels up to 15,000 grt drawing 9m.
 
Shore Point, the W entrance point of Bamboo Flat Bay, lies
about 1 mile W of Command Point. Some buildings lie at the.head of the bay. A small jetty extends from the shore in the
NW corner of the bay. The W shore of the bay is fringed by shoal ground which extends about 0.3 mile offshore.
 
 
Phoenix Bay (11°40'.6N., 92°44'.2E.) is entered between Phoenix Point, about 0.8 mile W of Atalanta Point, and an unnamed point about 0.4 mile to the W. Blair Reef, marked by some drying rocks, extends about 0.4 mile ENE from the latter point. A 5.8m patch lies about 183m ESE of the outer extremity of Blair Reef. A conspicuous building lies on the W shore of Phoenix Bay. There are numerous wrecks in the S part of the bay.

Fishery Jetty, extends N for 290m from the S shore of Phoenix Bay. Construction at Northern extension of the Fishery Jetty  is under progress(2005). Depths alongside vary from 1m at the inner end to 8m at head. There is a dry dock in Phoenix bay for inner island ships having dimensions of 90m X 20m and a marine dockyard jetty 20m in length. Work was in progress (1987) on the marine jetty complex, length 350m Blair Reef  extends 4 cables ENE from the W entrance point of Phoenix Bay which lies 4 cables WNW of Phoenix Point. Some rocks 1m high stand on the reef. 
 
Cholanga Jetty lies close S of Phoenix Point, with its W face 64.9m in length and having alongside depths between 3.5 and 6.1m. Fishery Jetty extends N for 0.2 mile from the S shore of Phoenix Bay with varying depths from 1m at the inner end to 8m at the head. In 1980, works were in progress for new facilities in the SE corner of the bay.
 
Blair Point (11°40'.93N., 92°43'.55E.), about 0.4 mile WNW of the W entrance point of Phoenix Bay, is fringed by a reef which extends about 0.1 mile offshore. A prominent 78m hill lies S of the point. A lighted beacon stands 0.2 mile E of the group of islets close E of the drying extremity of Blair Reef.
 
Chatham Island (11°41'.18N., 92°43'.5E.), about 0.3 mile N of Blair Point, is connected to it by a conspicuous causeway.  Some buildings and a conspicuous chimney 29m high  lie on the island.
 
Chatham Jetty lies along the N side of the island, 0.13 mile long with varying depths between 4.8m to 7.4m alongside.  Wooden Jetty is situated at the SW side of the island with depths of 1.2 to 6m alongside.
 
Inner Port-Port Blair.-From Chatham Island the coast extends SW to Hood Point, and then S to Navy Point forming the E side of the inner harbor.
 
Haddo Wharf lies about 0.2 mile NNE of Hood Point, 0.2 mile long and has a depth of 8.9m alongside
 
Storm signal station (11° 41'.22N, 92° 43'.5E), 32m in height, and a Meenakshi jetty 0.1 mile NW from Chatham Island.Ranger Flat (11°41'.38 N., 92°42'.80E.), having depths of less than 5m, extends about 0.5 mile SSE and 0.5 mile E from Shore Point. A 4.3m rocky patch lies almost 0.5 mile S of Shore Point. Black conical buoys are moored 0.5 mile E, 0.4 mile SE, and 0.5 mile SSW of Shore Point and mark the SE side of the flat. The N end of Chatham Island, bearing 087°, leads S of Ranger Flat and N of the 3.7m rocky patch.
 
 
Depths-Limitations.-There is about 347.6m of berthing space available with varying depths alongside. Jetties extend from the N and SW sides of Chatham Island. The N jetty has a length of about 85.4m with depths of 6.1 to 7.3m alongside.  The wharf at Haddo, about 0.3 mile NE of Hood Point, has a length of 182m with depths of 6.2 to 9.8m alongside.
 
A tanker submarine pipeline discharge berth, marked at its outer end by a mooring buoy and a float, lies about 0.3 mile NW of Hood Point.
 
Anchorage.-Well sheltered anchorage can be taken in depths of 11 to 12.8m, mud, about 0.5 mile WSW of Chatham Island, with the NW extremity of that island bearing 068°. Two green conical buoys are moored around 1/4 nm NW and NNW form the West end of Chatham Jetty. The buoys are very small and difficult to recognize during day as well as in the night.Vessels to keep clear of FDN-I and anchor clear of Haddo Wharf. Anchoring close to haddo Wharf and IN Jetty hinder vessel approaching and leaving these berths.

There exist five Ilands namely Ross, Snake, Chatham, Bird and Oyster within the survey area. The Oyster Island located NNW of the Bumlitan Creek mouth does not exist anymore and the SMB's sounded over the Island duirng high water. The Oyster Island now stands as a drying height and few clumps of dried mangroves stumps were sighted in that location during low water.


Chiriya Tapu (11°29'N., 92°43'E.), the S end of South Andaman Island and the NE entrance point of Macpherson Strait, is a prominent bare promontory with some caves at its base. 

East Coast of Rutland Island.  The general aspect and the W coast of Rutland Island have been previously described. Macpherson Strait and the anchorage NW of Chiriya Tapu have also been previously described. 

Portman Bay (11°25'N., 92°41'E.), which is open to heavy swells during the NE monsoon, indents the E coast of the island. Rocks, both above and below-water, extend some distance off the S coast of Rutland Island. 

Islands Dangers Passages Between Rutland and Little Andaman Islands

Manners Strait (11°20'N. 92°42'E.) lies between the SE coast of Rutland Island and the Cinque Islands, about 3 miles SE. Depths in the strait, seaward of the fringing dangers, range from 22 to 75m. 

Cinque Islands (11°17'N., 92°43'E.) are two hilly islands which are almost joined by a rocky ledge that dries 2.1m. North Clique Island Light shows from its N summit. Anchorage can be taken in depths of 12.8 to 18.3m, coral and sand, W of the drying ledge which almost joins the two islands, with the W point of North Cinque Island bearing 349°. Small vessels can anchor off the W side of the South Cinque Island in depths of 23.8m, with the conical hill at its S end bearing 168°, distant 1 mile. 

Passage Island (11°11'N., 92°41'E.), 85m high at its N end but low at its S end, lies 3.3 miles SSW of South Cinque Island. The channel between South Cinque Island and Passage Island is deep and clear, although tiderips occur during spring tides. 

The Sisters (11°09'N., 92°44'E.), two small islets, lie close together about 3.5 miles SE of Passage Island. A ledge connects the islets and a partly drying spit extends about 0.8 mile NW from this ledge. East Sister Island is 76m high and West Sister Island is 70.7m high. 

Duncan Passage (11°04'N., 92°40'E.), lies between The Sisters and North Brother Island, about 10 miles SSW, and is the main channel between Little Andaman and Rutland Islands. Depths in the fairway range from 21.9 to 36.6m. 

The Brothers (10°59'N., 92°40'E.), two small flat-topped islands each 27m high, lie 10 and 14.5 miles SSW of The Sisters. 

Little Andaman Island (10°42'N., 92°31'E.), the S island of the Andaman group, lies almost 28 miles S of Rutland Island. The passage between Little Andaman Island and South Brother Island has not been closely examined and should be avoided. Anchorage for small vessels with local knowledge can be taken about 0.4 mile N of the creek entrance in a depth of 14.6m, coral, with the entrance bearing 158°. This anchorage should be approached from the NW because the depths to the NE are irregular. 

Jackson Creek (10°48'N., 92°24'E.), which lies about 9 miles SW of Bumila Creek, can be identified by a conspicuous square clump of trees near the bank which falls abruptly to the waters edge. Anchorage has been reported available in a depth of 13.7m about 1 mile NNW of the entrance of the creek. 

Api Islet (10°39'N., 92°23'E.), a good landmark, lies close offshore about 9 miles S of Jackson Creek. The NE coast of Little Andaman Island has not been closely examined. Hut Bay indents the SE coast of the island SE of its summit.

Hut Bay (10°36'N. 92°35'E.) is an open bight on the E side of Little Andaman Island. Two breakwaters, the one on the E being angular and longer, lie 1.3 miles ESE of the village. A light shows from the head of E breakwater. 

Ten Degree Channel (10°22'N., 92°30'E.), which lies between Little Andaman Island and the Car Nicobar, about 77 miles to the S, is deep and clear. A depth of 7.3m was reported (1977) to lie 4 miles S of Sandy Point, the SW point of Little Andaman Island. 

Nicobar Islands (8°00’N., 93°30’E.) The Nicobar Islands are usually divided into three groups. The N group consists of Car Nicobar and Batti Malv Island. The S group consists of Great Nicobar and Little Nicobar together with their off-lying islets. The central group includes all the remaining islands of the Nicobar Islands. Nancowry Harbor, between the islands of Camotra, Nancowry, and Trinkat is perhaps the most important and best-sheltered harbor. The channels between the groups of islands and between the individual islands have irregular depths, but are for the most part deep and clear of dangers.

Car Nicobar (9°15’N., 92°46’E.), the N island of the group, lies about 77 miles SSE of Little Andaman Island. The island is densely wooded, mostly coconut trees. The island has been reported to be a good radar target up to 14 miles.

Sawi Bay (9°14’N., 92°45’E.) indents the NW coast, between Keating Point and Hog Point, about 3.5 miles to SW. Foul ground extends 1 mile N from Keating Point and 0.5 mile N from Hog Point. Sawi Village lies 0.5 mile SE of Hog Point. A light shows from a concrete tower on Hog Point. The tidal currents off Sawi Bay set NE on the flood tide. An observation spot lies on a small promontory that extends WNW from the coast about 1 mile S of Keating Point. Keating Point Light is shown from a round metal tower on the point; a racon and a radio beacon transmit from the light tower.
 	A light shows from a 9m high concrete tower on Obervation Point, 1 mile S of Keating Point. A coral patch, with a least depth of 10.1m, was reported to lie about 0.7 mile NW of the observation spot. A 9.1m patch lies 0.8 mile WNW of the same spot. Anchorage can be taken in a depth of 21.9m, rock and coral over a thin layer of sand, about 0.8 mile N of Sawi Village. Anchorage can also be taken in similar depths just over 1 mile W of the observation spot. Small vessels with local knowledge can anchor closer inshore off the observation spot.
 
Arong Village (9°09’N., 92°43’E.) lies 3 miles S of Hog Point. Anchorage can be taken about 0.5 mile W of the village in depths of 16.5 to 20.1m. Vessels should approach the anchorage with the village bearing 090°.
 
Kemois Bay (9°07’N., 92°46’E.) is a slight indentation on the S side of the island. Kemois Village, fronted by a beach, lies close W of a well-defined entrance of a creek. A reef is reported to lie about 0.2 miles offshore. The tidal currents set ESE on the flood at a rate of 3 knots at springs and in the opposite direction on the ebb. Small vessels with local knowledge can anchor in depths of 18.3 to 21.9m, about midway between the two villages.
 
Kokana (9°07’N., 92°48’E.), a small village, lies about 2 miles SW of the SE end of Car Nicobar.
 
Mus (9°14’N., 92°47’E.), the principal village on the island and the residence of the Assistant Commissioner, lies 0.8 mile SE of Keating Point. The Village lies at the head of a small inlet and the village of Lapate lies 1 mile farther SE. A flagstaff lies in the village of Mus. Anchorage can be taken off Mus in depths of 13.7m, about 0.4 mile offshore, with the NE extremity of Car Nicobar bearing 284°. Vessels may drag anchor because of the strong currents at springs. Vessels can anchor about 0.5 mile NE of Lapate Village in a depth of 21.9m. Tamalu and Perka are villages situated 4.8 and 5 miles SSE of Keating Point. Anchorage can be taken in a depth of 25.6m, about 0.5 mile offshore of either village.
 
Malacca Village (9°10’N., 92°49’E.) lies on the S side of a small bight about 6 miles SE of Keating Point. A small masonry jetty, which dries completely at LW, serves as a good landmark. Two groups of beehive-shaped huts lie close N and S of the jetty and lie out clearly in contrast to the jungle. A conspicuous two-storied house, painted white and green with a red roof, lies about 0.3 mile SSE of the jetty. A beacon lies close SE of the two-storied house. Two flagstaffs lie near the jetty, and two lie in the village. A dangerous reef extends offshore close N of the jetty. Stranded wrecks lie on this reef within 0.3 mile N and S of the jetty-head. 

Nicobar Islands North Group
 
Car Nicobar, the N island of the group, has been previously described. Batti Malv Island (8°50’N., 92°51’E.), which lies about 17 miles SSE of Car Nicobar, appears wedge-shaped from the offing. This very small island rises to a densely wooded peak about 73m high. The NW end of the island is low, but rocky cliffs lie on the other sides. Reefs appear to extend 0.5 mile off the NW, SW, and SE sides of the island. The 40m curve surrounding the island lies up to 5 miles SE and 2.8 miles N of the island. A light shows from a metal framework tower, 12m high, on the N side of Batti Malv. Batti Malv Island has been reported to be a good radar target up to 11 miles.
 
Chowra Island (8°27’N., 93°04’E.), which lies about 24 miles SSE of Batti Malv Island, is generally low but rises to a 104.5m high rocky pinnacle at its S end. The island looks like a hat from the offing. Sanenya, the principal village, lies on the NE coast. Chowra island has been reported to be a good radar target up to 23 miles.
 
Reefs extend about 1.5 miles from the NW side of the island. A shoal, with a least depth of 2.4m, lies between 2.5 miles NW and 4 miles NNW of the N point of Chowra Island. Depths of 16.5 to 18.3m are found between the shoal and the island reef. Anchorage can be taken in depths of 16.5 to 18.3m abreast of Sanenya Village.
 
Tillanchang Island (8°31’N., 93°38’E.) lies with Cape Winifred its S end, about 34 miles E of Chowra Island. Tillanchang Island has been reported to be a good radar target up to 17 miles.
 
Paira Rock (8°35’N., 93°36’E.), 107m high, lies 0.5 mile NNW of Cape Maud, the N extremity of the island. Several detached rocks lie up to 1 mile off the W side of the island.
 
Isle of Man (8°24’N., 93°39’E.), a detached rock 123m high, lies about 2.8 miles SE of Cape Winifred. A chain of needle-like rocks lie between this rock and the cape. Paria Rock has been reported to be a good radar target up to 19 miles. An unexamined detached shoal, with a least depth of 20.1m, lies about 9.5 miles SW of Cape Winifred.

Castle Bay (8°27’N., 93°38’E.), which lies on the SE coast of the island about 2 miles N of Cape Winifred, is deep and clear in its central part. A rock awash lies about 0.3 mile S of Castle Bay Point, the N entrance point of the bay. Foul ground, with depths of less than 9.1m, extends about 0.2 mile S from the rock. A dangerous wreck lies in shoal water about 0.3 mile SSW of Castle Bay Point. During fair weather, anchorage can be taken in depths of 25.6 to 27.4m with Castle Bay Point bearing 062°, distant a little over 0.5 mile.
 
Tarasa Island (8°18’N., 93°07’E.), roughly crescent-shaped and low in its central part, lies 6.5 miles SE of Chowra Island. It appears as two separate islands from the offing. The N end of the island is 273.4m high. Hinam Village lies 4.5 miles SSE of the N summit and is only visible from seaward on a NE bearing. Laksi Village, which consists of some huts amongst the trees, lies 4 miles SE of Hinam Village. The village is hard to identify from seaward. Bengala Village lies on the E side of the island about 2 miles S of its NE extremity. Karawa Village lies 3.5 miles farther S. Reefs extend over 1 mile from the N and S ends of the island, but less off the W coast. Tarasa Island has been reported to be a good radar target up to 25 miles. 

Anchorage can be taken by small vessels with local knowledge close off Hinam Village in depths of 11 to 25.6m. Small vessels can also anchor in a depth of 25.6m coral and coarse sand, SSW of Laksi Village, about 0.5 mile seaward of the coastal reef. Small vessels with local knowledge sometimes anchor in a depth of 45.7m, about 0.5 mile off Bengala Village, with the NE end of the island bearing 006°, the E end bearing 146°, and the N end of Bompoka Island bearing 115°. This is a fair-weather anchorage.
 
Bompoka Island (8°14’N., 93°14’E.) lies 1.8 miles NE of the SE tip of Tarasa Island and is 208m high. The intervening channel seaward of the fringing dangers is deep. Poahat Village lies on the W side of the island. Small vessels with local knowledge can anchor about 0.3 mile offshore with the village in range 040° with the N peak of the island. Seaward of this position the depths decrease rapidly and caution is advised.

Camorta Island (8°09’N., 93°29’E.), separated from Tillanchang Island to the NNE by a channel about 12 miles wide, is very irregular in shape and hilly. Mount Edgecumbe, a tree-covered hill 109m high, lies about 4.3 miles N of the S end of the island.
 
The W coast is indented by bays which form Dring Harbor and Expedition Harbor. Nancowry Island lies close S of and overlaps the S end of Camorta Island. Nancowry Harbor, a secure, land-locked inlet, lies between them. The NE coast of Camorta Island has not been closely examined. The SE side of the island is separated from Trinkat Island by Beresford Channel. The E entrance of Nancowry Harbor lies between the SE end of Camorta Island and the NE end of Nancowry Island. The approach to this entrance leads through Beresford Channel. A coral bank, with depths of 25.6 to 27.4m, lies about 6 miles ENE of Horace Point, the N extremity of Camorta Island.
 
Tides Currents. The tidal currents off the E coast of Camorta Island, between a position about 2 miles WNW of the NW end of that island and a position between the entrances of Expedition and Nancowry Harbors, set S on the flood and N on the ebb. At springs, the N current attains a rate of 3 knots about 2 to 3 miles offshore. The S current attains a rate of 0.8 to 1.3 knots. At neaps, the N current attains a rate of 0.8 to 1.3 knots and the S current a rate of 0.3 to 0.8 knot. At springs, tide rips frequently occur at various places all along the coast at variable distances offshore.
 
West Coast of Camorta Island The W coast of Camorta Island, between Horace Point and Kai-hoa Village, almost 3.8 miles SW, is.reef-fringed up to 0.5 mile offshore. From the village the coast extends SW for 1.3 miles and then S for 7.5 miles to Cave Point, the N entrance point of Expedition Harbor. Dring Harbor, which is available only to boats, is entered 2.3 miles N of Cave Point. A 22m shoal lies about 6.5 miles NW of Cave Point. The coast, between Satellite Point, the S entrance point of Expedition Harbor, and Reef Point, the S extremity of the island, is fringed by a narrow reef. This latter point is the N entrance point of the W entrance of Nancowry Harbor.
 
Perseus Reef (8°10’N., 93°27’E.) extends about 0.8 mile W from the NW end of the island. A shoal, as defined by the 20m curve, extends about 1.8 miles NW from the same point.
 
Sanderson Rock (8°07’N., 93°27’E.), which has a least depth of 1.5m, lies about 2.3 miles NW of the entrance of Dring Harbor. The rock lies near the W extremity of a shallow shoal that extends 10.3 miles offshore. A rocky shoal, with a least depth of 8.2m, lies 0.5 mile offshore about midway between the entrances of Dring and Expedition Harbors.
 
Temporary anchorage can be taken almost anywhere off the W coast of Camorta Island, N of Exposition Harbor in depths of 18.3 to 36.6m, poor holding ground. Vessels anchoring S of the harbor are advised to anchor in depths of 36.6m. Vessels can anchor off Kai-hoa Village in depths of 12.8 to 16.5m, about 1 mile offshore. Perseus Reef provides no protection during the SW monsoon. Anchorage can be taken in depths of 17.4m off the entrance of Dring Harbor, about 0.7 mile Wof the S entrance point, with that point bearing 089° and in line with a 64m hill near the head of the harbor. This is considered to be the best anchorage off this coast, because there is little or no current.
 
East Coast Camorta Island From the NE point of Camorta Island, about 1.5 miles E of Horace Point, the E coast of the island curves SSW and then SSE in a wide curve for about 8.5 miles and then S for 3.5 miles to Naval Point. A beacon lies about 0.8 mile N of this point. This point forms the N side of the E entrance of Nancowry Harbor. An L-shaped jetty extends from a position close WNW of Naval Point, and has a depth of about 11m at its seaward end. A reef extends up to 1 mile offshore along this entire stretch of coast except off Moshoit Village, where it lies only 0.3 mile off. The village lies about 4 miles SSW of the NE point of the island. This coastal reef is readily seen under favorable light conditions. Caution is necessary when approaching this coast between the NE end of Camorta Island and the N entrance of Beresford channel, because this area has not been closely examined.
 
Trinkat Island (8°05’N., 93°35’E.), which lies between 1.5 and 2.5 miles E of the S part of Camorta Island, is separated from that island to the W and NW by False Bay and Beresford Channel. Trinkat Island is low, level, and covered by coconut trees. An extensive reef surrounds the island. Morrel Point, the S end of the island, is marked by a beacon.
 
Beresford Channel (8°07’N., 93°33’E.) is entered from the S through False Bay. Both shores are fronted by reefs and shoals that extend almost 0.8 mile offshore. A number of shoals, with depths of 5.5 to 11m, lie in the middle of the S part of the channel. The channel on both sides of Middle Reef, which lies about 3.5 miles NNW of Morrel Point, is about 183m wide. The W channel has depths of 7.6 to 25.6m and the E channel has depths of 5.8 to 20.1m. The area N of Trinkat Island has not been closely examined.

Expedition Harbour and Grand Harbour

Expedition Harbour (8°03’N., 93°30’E.) is landlocked, and together with Grand Harbor its extension to the NE, is of considerable size. A low, narrow peninsula separates Expedition Harbour from Nancowry Harbour to the S. The entrance of Expedition Harbour lies between Cave Point and Satellite Point, about 0.3 mile SSE.
 
The S and E sides of the harbour are indented by coves, fringed by reefs and mangroves. Hoau Village lies about 0.3 mile ESE of Edgecumbe Point. The latter point lies a little over 1 mile NE of Satellite Point. The coast from Edgecumbe Point extends E and N to Edye Point, about 0.9 mile NNE, the S entrance point of Grand Harbour.
 
Wasp Point (8°03’N., 93°29’E.) lies about 0.3 mile SE of Cave Point and forms the inner entrance point of the harbour. The coast from Wasp Point extends NNE for 0.7 mile to Devils Point, then N and NE for about 1.3 miles to the N entrance point of Grand Harbour. A conspicuous palm tree lies close N of this point. Grand Harbour is entered between Edye Point, the N end of the promontory separating Grand Harbour from Expedition Harbour, and a point about 0.3 mile to the N. The harbor is about 2 miles long in a N and S direction. Two creeks indent the E shore. The bay at the N of the harbour is foul.
 
Depths Limitations. Coral patches, which dry 1.2m, lie 0.2 mile SSE of Cave Point.
 
A channel, about 91m wide and having depths of over 18.3m, forms the inner entrance of Expedition Harbour, between the reefs fringing Wasp Point and Satellite Point. The channel passes about 91m N of the latter point.
 
Middle Reef, an extensive drying shoal, lies in the middle of the fairway, abreast of Devils Point. A channel, about 183m wide and having depths of 12.4m, leads between the SE end of Middle Reef and the reef fringing Edgecumbe Point.
 
A drying reef extends 0.2 mile SE from Foul Point, about 0.5 mile NE of Devils Point. A channel, about 183m wide with a least depth of 23.8m, leads between the SW end of this reef and the N end of Middle Reef. Grand Harbour has depths of 7.3 to 14.6m in its middle part. Foul ground extends up to 0.3 mile off the salient points.
 
Anchorage. Vessels can anchor in 18.3m, mud, with Devils Point bearing 340°, distant 0.3 mile. Vessels intending to stay are advised to use Nancowry Harbour, because of the swarms of mosquitoes which infest this anchorage.
 
Directions. Vessels wishing to enter Expedition Harbour are advised to wait until the sun is high, and is possible to enter at LW, when all the fringing reefs and dangers are visible. Vessels approaching from the N or S should keep at least 1 mile off the coast until abeam of the entrance. When Hoare Village opens out in the entrance and bears 071°, vessels should alter course to this heading taking care to avoid the fringing dangers on both sides of the channel. When Devils Point bears 000°, course can be altered to the NNE which leads to the recommended anchorage. Vessels not having local knowledge should not proceed above Devils Point into Grand Harbor until the N end of. Middle Reef and the SW end of the drying reef fringing Foul Point are clearly visible.

Nancowry Harbor (8°01’N., 93°31’E.)

Nancowry Harbor (8°01’N., 93°31’E.) lies between the S coast of Camorta Island and the N coast of Nancowry Island. This spacious, landlocked harbor is deeply indented by several bays and inlets. The harbor can be entered by deep-draft vessels either through the E or W entrance during either monsoon to take sheltered anchorage. Both entrances are readily identified from the offing. The harbor consists of four bays, Satellite Bay and Fort Bay on the N side, and Wasp Bay and Spiteful Bay on the S side. Cross Harbour lies between Fort Bay to the N and Spiteful Bay to the S. Nancowry Harbor has been reported to be a good radar target up to 25 miles.
 
Tides Currents. The tidal currents set E on the flood and W on the ebb. These currents have considerable strength in the entrances, but are very weak within the harbour. Between Man Point and Indian Point the currents are very strong on both tides.
 
Depths Limitations. The depths in the W entrance are over 18.3m and the depths in the E entrance range from 11 to 42m. A depth of 22m exists in the three recommended anchorage areas.
 
West Entrance. The W entrance of the harbor lies between Reef Point and Man Point on the N side and Burleigh Rock and Indian Point on the S side. The latter point, which forms the NW extremity of Nancowry Island, lies NE of Burleigh Rock. The W entrance can be identified by vessels up to 5 miles offshore by the trend of the coast inland to form its S side. Reef Point can be identified by a white mark on it and would otherwise be very difficult to identify. This mark cannot be relied on. Man Point is also difficult to identify. There is a least depth of 11.9m in the fairway of the entrance which is about 183m between the dangers on each side.
 
Northbrook Patch (7°59’N., 93°29’E.), which has a least depth of 3m, lies about 0.3 mile SSW of Reef Point. Shoal patches lie between this danger and the coast to the W of the point.
 
Burleigh Rock, 7.3m high and topped by a wooded summit, is joined to the SE by a reef. Foul ground extends about 137m NW and 91m N from the rock. A patch, with a depth of 7.6m, lies 0.2 mile SSW of the rock.
 
East Entrance Approaches. The approach to the E entrance lies between Morrel Point, the S extremity of Trinkat Island to the NE, and Laire and Reid Points to the SW. The latter two points lie on the NE coast of Nancowry Island. Trinkat Island is easily distinguished from Camorta Island, which is higher and more open. A disc beacon lies on Reid Point and a similar beacon lies about 91m NNW of Morrel Point.
 
The coast between Laire Point and Reid Point is fronted by an extensive reef which extends up to 0.5 mile offshore. The edge of this reef, except at HW and on very calm days, is marked by breakers.
 
A shoal, with a least depth of 4.9m lies on the edge of the shore bank, about 0.4 mile ENE of Reid Point. A 9.8m patch lies near the center of the channel about 0.5 mile NE of the same point.
 
Eastern Shoals (8°02’N., 93°34’E.), a large shoal area with depths of less than 11m, extends from 1 mile SSW to 1 mile WSW of Morrel Point. Depths of 7.6 and 8.5m lie close within the outer edge of Eastern Shoals. The dangers N of an imaginary line joining Naval and Marrel Points have been previously described under Beresford Channel.
 
East Entrance. The E entrance of Nancowry Harbour lies between Naval Point to the N, and between Reid and Mayo Points to the S. A beacon lies on Mayo Point.
 
Naval Point Light shows from a structure 0.2 mile S of Naval Point (8°02’N., 93°22’E.).
 
The entrance channel, which is about 0.2 mile wide between the fringing dangers on either side, has a least depth of 11m. Shoal ground, as defined by the 10m curve, extends up to 0.3 mile ESE and about 0.3 mile S from Naval Point. The shore bank, as defined by the 10m curve, lies between Reid and Mayo Points and extends up to 0.3 mile offshore about midway between them. A detached 7.3m shoal lies 0.3 mile NW of Reid Point, close off the above bank.
 
A white metal beacon with a ball topmark lies about 0.2 mile S of Naval Point near the edge of the reef. A similar beacon lies 1 mile N of the same point on the edge of the shore reef.

Wasp Bay (8°00’N., 93°31’E.), which forms the SW part of Nancowry Harbour, lies between the W entrance and an imaginary line drawn between Easter Point and Leda Point to the ENE. Itoe Village, which lies on the E shore of the bay about 0.5 mile S of Leda Point, serves as a good mark.
 
Wasp Bay has depths of over 18.3m in its central part, but is fouled by some dangers and irregular depths around its shores.
 
A shoal, with a least depth of 2.4m, lies 0.2 mile offshore about 0.5 mile NNE of Man Point, which lies 0.3 ENE of Reed Point. A shoal, with a least depth of 9.8m, lies about 0.7 mile NE of the same point. Foul ground, with depths of less than 11m, extends 0.3 mile SE and 0.5 mile ENE from Easter Point.
 
A drying rock lies in the E part of the bay, a little over 1 mile SSW of Leda Point and about 0.3 mile offshore. Shoals, with depths of 4.9 to 12m, lie between this rock and the shore reef.
 
Alfrey Shoal (8°01’N., 93°31’E.), having a depth of 9.7m, lies almost in mid-channel, a little over 0.5 mile SW of Leda Point.
 
Satellite Bay (8°02’N., 93°30’E.), which forms the NW part of Nancowry Harbour, is entered between Easter Point and Alfred Point, about 1.3 miles NE. Alfred Point has been reported to be a good radar target up to 21 miles.
 
A deep channel, about 0.3 mile wide, leads between the W side of Alfrey Shoal and the E side of the foul ground, which extends 0.5 mile ENE from Easter Point. Depths of 16.5 to 31.1m exist in the outer part of the bay.
 
Satellite Patch (8°01’N., 93°30’E.), which lies about 0.7 mile SW of Alfred Point, has a least depth of 4.1m. A 6.4m patch lies about 183m S of this patch, and shoal patches, with depths of 5.5 to 11m, lie between Satellite Patch and the coast to the N and NW. Shoal ground, as defined by the 11m curve, extends 0.3 mile SSW from Alfred Point and 0.3 mile NW and N from Leda Point.
 
Cross Harbour (8°02’N., 93°32’E.) is entered from the W between Alfred and Leda Points, and from the E between Naval and Mayo Points. Depths in the harbour area range from 21.9 to 53.1m, mud.
 
Fort Bay (8°02’N., 93°31’E.), entered between Alfred Point and Ray Point about 1 mile ENE, recedes about 0.8 mile NNW. The latter point can be identified by two radio masts which lie 0.2 mile to the NE. Battery Point, which lies 0.2 mile NW of Ray Point, can be identified by a conspicuous clump of casuarina trees about the same distance to the N. A flag staff lies close NE of Ray Point.
 
Depths in the bay range from 14.6 to 23.8m in its central part, shoaling gradually to the coastal reef which fringes its shores. A wreck, with a depth of 14.6m, lies about 0.3 mile W of Ray Point.
 
Spiteful Bay (8°01’N., 93°32’E.), the SE part of Nancowry Harbour, is entered between Mayo Point and Leda Point. A village lies on the E shore of the bay about 0.3 mile S of Mayo Point.
 
A 5.5m patch lies about in the middle of the entrance, about 0.3 mile ENE of Leda Point.
 
Depths of 16.5 to 23.8m are found in the outer part of the bay, shoaling gradually to the drying flats at its head. Shoals on the W side of the bay extend up to 0.3 mile offshore.
 
Anchorage. There is an outer anchorage about 1 mile E of Naval Point (8°02’N., 93°22’E.). The depth is 21.9m and the holding ground is good. A long scope of chain is advisable as the squalls off the land are sometimes heavy. The anchorage is otherwise sheltered.
 
Excellent anchorage is provided in the outer part of Fort Bay in a depth of 21.9m, mud, with the conspicuous clump of trees previously mentioned bearing about 075°, distant 0.3 mile. The wreck previously mentioned should be given a wide berth. This anchorage is well-sheltered and little current is experienced.
 
Anchorage can be taken in the middle of the entrance of Spiteful Bay in a depth of 21.9m. This anchorage is somewhat exposed to the sea breezes.
 
Anchorage can be taken in the fairway of the E entrance of Nancowry Harbour, in convenient depths, on a line joining the stone jetty and the village of Mala about 0.2 mile SSW of Mayo Point.
 
Directions West Entrance. Vessels should approach the W entrance from the SW in order to avoid the dangers extending SSW from Reef Point and terminating in Northbrook Patch. The conspicuous clump of casuarina trees near Battery Point, midway between Man and Indian points, bearing about 039°, leads SE of Northbrook Patch. When Reef Point bears 000°, it should be steered for on that bearing until Burleigh Rock bears 090°. Then the course should be gradually altered to the NE, avoiding the foul ground which extends NW from Burleigh Rock, and course shaped to pass midway between Man Point and Indian Point. In passing between these points, vessels should have good steerage way as the currents are strong and there are many eddies.
 
After passing Man Point, the course should be altered to about 051°, and when about 0.8 mile off the village, course should be altered N, passing close W of Alfrey Shoal and E of the 4.8m shoal, about 0.3 mile W of Alfrey Shoal.
 
When Mayo Point bears about 080° and is open N of Leda Point, the course should be altered E and the radio masts NE of Ray Point should be steered for on a course of 055°. This course leads between the dangers extending from Leda and Alfred Points and into Fort Bay where anchorage can be taken as convenient.
 
Directions East Entrance. Vessels approaching the E entrance should keep Reid Point bearing 281° and in line with Alfred Point. This course leads S of Easter Point. When the right tangent of Trinkat Island bears 034°, the course should be altered N to bring Bay Point Beacon to bear 309° and kept on that bearing which leads NE of the reef fronting the coast between Laire and Reid Points.
 
When Mayo Point bears 261°, the course should be altered to 268° to pass midway between Naval Point and the N shore of Nancowry Island, about 0.5 mile S. This track passes 183m S of a shoal with 5.8m of water above, situated 0.5 mile SE of Naval Point and 0.2 mile N of another shoal with a depth of 6.7m on the S side of the entrance. When clear of Mayo Point, course can be altered to the N to clear the spit extending NW from Mayo Point. Anchorage can be taken, as convenient, in Fort Bay.
 
Nancowry Harbor (8°01’N., 93°31’E.), although providing excellent shelter for all classes of vessels, has but few facilities. The residence of the Government Agent lies about 0.3 mile WNW of Naval Point.
 
A stone jetty, 118.9m long, with wooden extension projecting about 100m SW and W from its head, lies about 0.3 mile WNW of Naval Point. There are depths of about 11m at the outer end of the jetty. The approach to the jetty requires much attention as there are shoals and rocks in the vicinity. A wooden jetty, 71.6m long and 6.1m wide, extends in a W direction from the shore about 0.2 mile SSW of Mayo Point.

Nicobar Islands Central Group
 
Katchall Island has been reported to be a good radar target up to 18 miles. Depths off the W side of the island are very irregular. Some 16.5 to 18.3m patches lie up to 4 miles off this coast.
 
West Bay (7°55’N., 93°20’E.) deeply indents the W side of the island and is foul in its inner reaches. It has been reported that a SW swell occasionally sets into the bay during the NE monsoon and that the tidal currents attain a rate of 2 knots across the entrance. A light shows from a concrete tower, 11m high, situated on the N entrance point of West Bay. Vessels with local knowledge can anchor in a depth of 16.5m about 1 mile SSW of the NW entrance point.
 
South Bay (7°53’N., 93°24’E.) indents the S coast of the island close W of its S end. The bay should not be entered because of the rocks and foul ground found within its limits. It has been reported that Cape Albany, the S end of the island, had extended 0.2 mile farther S then charted.
 
East Bay (7°59’N., 93°25’E.), backed by steep cliffs and Katchall Peak, indents the NE side of the island. Numerous rocks and foul ground encumber the bay and lie up to 1.5 miles off its shores. The depths in the bay range from a few feet to more than 36.6m. A light shows from a square tower, 9m high, situated on the N entrance point of East Bay.
 
Hoinipoh Bay (7°58’N., 93°26’E.), a slight indentation, lies close S of the S entrance point of East Bay. Anchorage can be taken in depths of 21.9 to 23.8m with a conspicuous hut in the village bearing 256°, distant 0.5 mile. The bay is often visited by trading vessels.

Sombrero Channel

Sombrero Channel (7°41’N., 93°36’E.) separates the central and S groups of the Nicobar Islands. The channel is 30 miles wide between Cape Albany and Sombrero Point, the N extremity of Little Nicobar Island. The depths in the channel are irregular, but there is deep water in mid-channel. Strong tidal currents set through this channel. A yellow, clay patch, with a depth of 21.9m, lies in the W approach to Sombrero Channel about 12 miles WSW of Cape Albany. Shoal patches may exist in this area. A detached coral bank, which shoals to a depth of 16.5m at its N end about 3 miles SSE of Cape Albany, is roughly 9 miles long and 5 miles Wide. Depths elsewhere on this bank range from 20.1 to 31.1m. This bank has been reported to be extending to the W.
 
Miroe Island (7°31’N., 93°32’E.), low and small, lies 10.5 miles WNW of Sombrero Point. The island has been reported to be a good radar target up to 19 miles.
 
Trak Island (7°28’N., 93°37’E.) lies 5 miles WNW of Sombero Point and Treis Island lies 1 mile SE of Trak Island. Both islands are small, reef-fringed, and surrounded by sunken rocks. A rock, which has a depth of less than 1.8m, lies about midway between Treis Island and Sombrero Point.

Nicobar Islands South Group
 
Little Nicobar Island (7°20’N., 93°42’E.), densely wooded, with Mount Deoban rising to a height of 413m on the central part, and the Empress Peak rising to 401m on the NE part of the island. Little Nicobar Island has been reported to be a good radar target up to 23 miles. The NW coast between Sombrero Point and Pahua, about 6 miles SW and then about 7.5 miles S to Cape Edinburg, is fringed by a reef which extends up to 0.5 mile offshore.
 
Pulo Milo (7°24’N., 93°42’E.) lies about midway between Sombrero Point and Pahua in the bight formed by these two places. Two 5.5m patches lie in the channel between Pulo Milo and the coast of Little Nicobar Island, about 0.8 mile ENE and 0.7 mile ESE of the N end of Pulo Milo. A light shows from a structure on the NE point of Pulo Milo.
 
The channel separating Pulo Milo from Little Nicobar Island is about 0.4 mile wide, but less on the S side where the channel has not been closely examined. Depths of less than 11m lie within 0.4 mile of Little Nicobar Island, E of Pulo Milo.
 
A 18.3m patch lies about 13 miles W of Pulo Milo. Depths of 11.4m and 15.5m lie 2.5 and 5 miles W of Pulo Milo.
 
Anchorage can be taken in the channel between Pulo Milo and Little Nicobar Island in depths of 16.5 to 23.8m, sand and coral. This anchorage is well sheltered.
 
Ileya (7°25’N., 93°42’E.), a small village, lies on the NE coast about 1.5 miles SSE of Sombrero Point. A small drying patch lies close E of the village.
 
Menchal Island (7°24’N., 93°45’E.), small in extent and reef-fringed, lies 4 miles SE of Sombrero Point and 1.3 miles off the NE coast of Little Nicobar Island. A depth of 11.9m exists in the intervening channel, but less depths may exist.
 
Anchorage can be taken by vessels with local knowledge, during periods of fair weather, in depths of 11 to 12.8m about 0.5 mile SW of Menchal Island. The tidal currents have been reported to be strong, especially at springs.
 
The SE coast of Little Nicobar Island, which forms the NW side of St. Georges Channel, is fairly steep-to.

PREPARIS ISLAND
Preparis Island is a 4.5 mile long, 82m high, narrow wooded Island gradually sloping to the shore. This Island lies 60 miles SSW of Palthein Lighthouse.
Anchorages
	During the SW monsoon anchorage may be obtained off the E coast of Preparis Island in depths of from 22 to 26m. In the NE monsoon anchorage may be obtained off W side.

Landing can be effected on the E side of prepares Island, SE of its highest part, between two ledge s of rock close to a sandy beach.
Preparis North Channel (15°22’ N, 93° 48’E), deep and clear in its central part, lies between Path in (Alguada Reefs) and Preparis Island about 55 miles SSW Thalia shoal (15°15’ N, 93°48’E), with a depth of 18.3m lies about 21 1/2 miles NNE of the N end of Preparis Island. Depth around this shoal are irregular and the bottom is mostly gray sand and coral.
Preparis South Channel lies between Preparis Island and Mingalakyun and 34 miles wide between dangers. The channel is dangerous for submarine diving, as mines may still exist. Mariners are advised to navigate with caution as there are irregular depths N of Mingalakyun and strong tidal streams often set into the rocks.

Coco Islands
Coco Islands consists of Mingalakyun, Great Coco Island and Little Coco Island. Tidal Streams near Coco Islands run E with the rising tide and W with falling tide.
Great Coco Island, the largest of Coco Islands, is about 6 miles long. The W side rises steeply from the sea and gradually slopes down the E side. There is a belt of coconut palms along the coast.
Anchorage may be obtained in Ford Bay about 6 1/2 cables N of Rat Island in depths of about 16 m mud and sand. This anchorage affords good shelter from strong winds.

Alexandra Bay on the W side lies between Rocky Point and Button Island, 4 1/2 miles S. Alexandra Channel, separating Little Coco Island from Great Coco Island is about 2 ½ miles N from the N end of Little Coco Island. Strong currents and tide rips are encountered in the channel.

Saint John’s Rocks, or Church Roocks, are four rocks lying offshore and about 15 milkes SW of Gwa Bay; the largest rock is 12 m (40 ft) high and looks like a church from NE. The rocks are steep-to N but shoals extend 3 cables S from them.

A small bay, sheltered except from N, lies between Bawmi Bay and Pontamau Island, about 2 miles W; Myauk island 17 m (55 ft) high lies 1/2 mile NE of Pontamaw Island.

Danson Bay, about 8 mile SSW of Bawmi Bay, is the most sheltered anchorage between Cheduba Mun Aung Strait (5.48) and Cape Negrais (5.93).

Htan Daung (Round Hill), 194 m (637 ft) high, and Ahtugyi Taung (Thumb Hill), 238 m (780 ft) high, stand 2 ½ milles ENE  and 3 ¾ miles ESE of the NE entered point of Danson Bay; both are prominent and form excellent marks from seaward.

5.83	West Sandy Islet  (17° 11’N, 94° 26’E) lies on foul ground, with many rocks on it, extending 3 miles W of the SW entrance point of Danson Bay.


Anchorage for large vessels sheltered except from NW, may be obtained in Danson Bay in Depths of about 10 m (33 ft). When entering give a wide berth to West Sandy Islet and the SW entrance point.

Hnget-taung Kyun (Calventuras) are two groups of rocky islets and rocks. North West Group,
about 10 miles W of Tazin-hmaw, is composed of large rocks, the highest 38 m (125 ft) high.

	The SE group consists of  North Island point (16° 53’N, 94° 17’E), 40 m (130 ft) high, about 7 miles WSW of Tazin-hmaw, and South Island, 24 m (80 ft) high, 2 ¼ miles S of  Nortrh of Island. Two large rocks lie close N of South Island and Between this island and North Island are several shoals and a rock drying 2 m (7 ft). The passage between North Island and South Island should not be attempted.

	A navigable channel leads between North West Group and North Island; another leads between the SE group and the main land. The summits of the islets and large rocks are wooded and form good marks.

Goyangyi Kyun is rocky, wege-shaped and rugged; its E side is precipitous. North Rock, a large detached rock, lies close off its N end.

	The channel between Goyangyi Kyun and the mainland is foul and only navigable by boats which should keep close to the W shore.

Anchorage.	Good anchorage sheltered from N and NW, may be obtained in depths of about 11 m (36 ft), sand, between the S end of Goyangyi Kyun and the mainland; but care is necessary to avoid

Between cape Negrais and Madwin Point, 6 miles SSE, the coast consists of succession of low hills, most of them  densely wooded. Towards Madwdin Point some distinctive bare slopes of reddish brown sand show a sharp edge of dark foliage near their summits.

Mawdin (Pagoda) Point (15° 57’N, 94° 15’E) is about 30 m high and flat; it terminates in a bluff with rather bare sides steepest on the SW. A pagoda, the top of which has an elevation of 44 m (144 ft), stands on the end of the point and is visible above trees.

Several rocks lie outside the the reef and the coast should not be approached within 3 miles; even outside this distance caution is necessary. Juantia Shoal (16° 00’N, 93° 40’E), a coral bank with a least depth 0f 29 m (16 fms), lies 30 miles W of Cape Negrais.

IRAWADDY RIVER rises in the N part of  Burma and flows to a general S direction. The river originates from the junction of Nmai and Mali Hka  sytreams which rise in the extreme N Burma. Irrawaddy  River reaches the sea by nine principal river mouths-Bassein River and its E entrance. Thetketthang, Ywe, Pyamalaw, Irrawaddy, Bogale, Pyapon (Pva-Point). China-Bakir and Rangoon Rivers.
The principal and other mouths of Irrawaddy River enter the sea between Madwin Point (15058’N, 94015’E) and Grove Point, 

	Tidal Streams.	High water occures at Alguda Reef  (15043’N, 94012’E) about 6 hours before highwater at the mouth of China Bakir River, 120 miles ENE. This fact should be borne in when interpolating for the  tides at intermediate points. Irrawaddy River is tidal as far as Danubyu, 45 miles NW of  Rangoon.

Bassein (16047N, 940 44E), the second largest sea port of Burma, lies about 75 miles above the mouth of Bassein River. Vessels frequent the port between January and September. Bassein is primarily a rice exporting centre . The port is open to vessels upto 145m in length and 7m draught during the fine season and upto 7.3m draught during the SW monsoon. Deep draught vessels are some times  detained at Dalhousie until the weather moderates during the SW monsoon.
Bassein or Thakutpyin Creek enters the W bank of  Rangoon River about 10 miles within the entrance and leads SSW to enter China River (To River) on the W side Kunygon village. Small vessels upto 1.7 m draught can pass through the creek at highwater all the year around. These craft should enter Rangoon River end (16036’N, 96014’E), 3 hours before highwater Rangoon , for passage without any stoppage. From the SW entrance of Bassein creek, the route to the main stram of Irrawaddy River is up China Bakir River 

Alguda Reef  (15042’N, 94012’E), lying on the N side of Preparis North Channel is almost awash at highwater springs. Detached rocks below water extend a considerable distance from the reef.

Pathein light is exhibited from a black granite tower with white bands near the SW end of Alguda Reef.

Hugh Rose Rock,  a wash, lies off the N end of Alguada Reef. A 4.1 m shoal patch, rock, lies about 1 ¼ miles S of Pathein lighthouse and depths of less than 10m extend about ¾ mile farther SW.

The Gulf of Martaban is entered between Baragua Point and the coast extending N abreast of Kalegauk Island, 140 miles E. Sittang River flows into the head of the gulf, about 75 miles N of the entrance. Rangoon and Moulmein River enter the sea on the NW and SE sides respectively, of the gulf.

Krishna Shoal  (15041N, 950 37E), a narrow detached ridge of hard sand with a least depth of 2.3m. extends about 12 ½ miles NE from a position about 11 miles SE of Upe Beacon.

A mud volcano, 0.6m, the position of which is approximate, was reported to lie about 30 miles ENE of Pymbong Beacon.

A 9.1m detached patch was reported to lie about 43 miles ESE of Pymbong Beacon.
Rangoon River. The E branch of Irrawaddy River, flows into the Gulf of Martaban between Elephant Point and Thante Point. The river channel leads in a general NNW direction from Elephant Point to the Port of Rangoon about 21 miles above the entrance. Most of the low, flat, and sparsely wooded land on the banks of the river consists of rice field. Compact clumps of trees stand in the vicinity of the villages.

Anchorage. Specific areas of Port of Rangoon are reserved for special anchorages as follows:-
Explosive Anchorage, close N of Chokey Point. Petroleum anchorage,  for 2 vessels carrying petroleum in the channel S of Thanlyin (Syriam) (16045’N, 960 13’E), for lighters carrying petroleum, in the entrance to Pegu River.

Quarantine anchorage, same as for vessels carrying petroleum.

Cargo Boat and Country Craft anchorage, adjoining one another SW of Monday Point; the anchorage for country craft is marked at its corners by buoys ()red conical).

Prohibited anchorage areas lie across the entrance to Pegu River and across Pazundaung Creek.

ENTRANCE TO MOULMEIN RIVER
	The entrance to Moulmein River is encumbered by drying sandbanks and reefs. Vessels of draughts from 3.7to 4.9m can navigate upto Moumein., at high water neaps and vessels of draughts from 5.8 to 7.3m at high water springs. These draughts depend not only on the season of the year but on the depths over and position in the river of the bar. The estimated draught for the port are published monthly in advance and are available with the Port Officer.

Wharves and Jetties

Tiger jetty lies about 2 miles N of Mupon Pagodas.

Tayoy Jetty, a pontoon jetty about 76m, in length with a depth of 4.9m alongside in low water 2 1/2 miles N of Mupon Pagodas.
Salween Wharf, a finger pier with a short outer face and depth of 3.4m alongside, lies 2 cables of N of Tavoy Jetty.

Railway Jetty, about 3 1/2 cables N of salween Wharf is used primarily by local ferries.

Mergui Jetty, lies about 2 1/2 cables N of Railway Jetty, 

Big Bazar Jetty, 6 1/2cables N of Saween Wharh, is a pontoon jetty 49m in length and is used only by river craft. 

MOSCOS ISLANDS
Moscos Islands comprises of three groups; Heinze Islands (North Moscos island), Maungmgan Islands (Middle Moscos Islands) and Launglon Islands (South Moscos Islands). None of these islands is inhabited.

	These islands extend in a chain parallel with the coast for about 42 miles SSE from North Island, the-N-most of the chain, which lies 11 1/2 miles WNW of Luce Hill (14° 25’N, 97° 58’E) and are mostly steep-to on the W side.

Hastings Harbour

	The N entrance to Hastings Harbour  lies between Bengal Point (10° 10’ N., 98° 15’E), the NE point Saint Luk’s Island and Minto Point  the N W point of Hastings Island, 2 1/4 miles SE.

Haycock Island, 101m high, and covered with dense jungle lies about ¾ mile SSE of Bengal Point; the entrance channel lies between the island and Minto Point SE.

Thomson Shoal, a rock with adepth of 2.1m, lies near mid-channel; it can be passed safely on either side. The channel is clear of any other danger.  

Approach Channel to Pakchan River

There are three approach channels leading to Pakchan River entrance. The N channel leads between Remiah Island and the shoal extending N from Jungis Island and has a least depth 3.4 min the fairway SW of  Remiah Island The channel leads between Sims Reef and Thane Island and thence between Akha Barit and NE end of Besin Island.

Tidal Steams in this approach channel usually run parallel with the fairway at the rate of 2 knots at springs.
Techai Island (09°  04’N, 97° 49’E), densely wooded 225m high at its S end, lies 18 miles S of Surin Island (09°  24’N, 97° 52’E). A 90m high, peak stands near its N end with another peak, slightly lower, between it and the 225m peak. The island is steep to on all except E side, Depths of 7m are found about 3 cables off a sandy beach, 5 cables from the island.

A rocky shoal, with a depth of 4.2m, lies 3 1/2 cables S of the island.

Born Island (08°  51’N, 97° 48’E), wooded with two distinct peaks, lies 14 miles S of Tachai Island. The E peak is 142m high and the W peak 46m high. There is a prominent hole near the water’s edge in the gap between the two peaks. The island is steep-to except N of its W end where a depth of 6.4m is found about 2 cables offshore. 

Simillan Island (08°  35’N, 97° 39’E), a group of six island, extend about 12 miles S from Bangu Island the N-most island, which lies 12 1/2 miles SW of Born Island. Bangu island is 96m high and wooded. Several promonent large boulders lie close off its SE end and a rock drying 1.4m lies N of its W end. The remaining sides of the island are steep-to. Huyong Island is the S-most island of the group.